Neutralisation of the pharmacological activities of Bothrops alternatus venom by anti-PLA2 IgGs

Basic phospholipases A2 (PLA2) are toxic and induce a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects, although the acidic enzyme types are not lethal or cause low lethality. Therefore, it is challenging to elucidate the mechanism of action of acidic phospholipases. This study used the acidic non-toxic Ba...

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Autores principales: García Denegri, María Emilia, Maruñak, Silvana Licia, Todaro, Juan Santiago, Ponce-Soto, Luis Alberto, Acosta, Ofelia Cristina, Leiva, Laura Cristina Ana
Formato: Artículo
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: Elsevier 2025
Materias:
Envenomation
Anti-PLA2 immunoglobulins
Bothrops alternatus
Non-myotoxic PLA2
Acceso en línea:http://repositorio.unne.edu.ar/handle/123456789/59448
Aporte de:
RIUNNE - Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE) de Universidad Nacional del Nordeste
id I48-R184-123456789-59448
record_format dspace
spelling I48-R184-123456789-594482025-12-16T14:20:04Z Neutralisation of the pharmacological activities of Bothrops alternatus venom by anti-PLA2 IgGs García Denegri, María Emilia Maruñak, Silvana Licia Todaro, Juan Santiago Ponce-Soto, Luis Alberto Acosta, Ofelia Cristina Leiva, Laura Cristina Ana Envenomation Anti-PLA2 immunoglobulins Bothrops alternatus Non-myotoxic PLA2 Basic phospholipases A2 (PLA2) are toxic and induce a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects, although the acidic enzyme types are not lethal or cause low lethality. Therefore, it is challenging to elucidate the mechanism of action of acidic phospholipases. This study used the acidic non-toxic Ba SpII RP4 PLA2 from Bothrops alternatus as an antigen to develop anti-PLA2 IgG antibodies in rabbits and used in vivo assays to examine the changes in crude venom when pre-incubated with these antibodies. Using Ouchterlony and western blot analyses on B. alternatus venom, we examined the specificity and sensitivity of phospholipase A2 recognition by the specific antibodies (anti-PLA2 IgG). Neutralisation assays using a non-toxic PLA2 antigen revealed unexpected results. The (indirect) haemolytic activity of whole venom was completely inhibited, and all catalytically active phospholipases A2 were blocked. Myotoxicity and lethality were reduced when the crude venom was pre-incubated with anti-PLA2 immunoglobulins. CK levels in the skeletal muscle were significantly reduced at 6 h, and the muscular damage was more significant at this time-point compared to 3 and 12 h. When four times the LD50 was used (224 μg), half the animals treated with the venom–anti PLA2 IgG mixture survived after 48 h. All assays performed with the specific antibodies revealed that Ba SpII RP4 PLA2 had a synergistic effect on whole-venom toxicity. IgG antibodies against the venom of the Argentinean species B. alternatus represent a valuable tool for elucidation of the roles of acidic PLA2 that appear to have purely digestive roles and for further studies on immunotherapy and snake envenoming in affected areas in Argentina and Brazil. Preguntar a ChatGPT 2025-12-15T11:37:33Z 2025-12-15T11:37:33Z 2014-08 Artículo García Denegri, María Emilia, et al., 2014. Neutralisation of the pharmacological activities of Bothrops alternatus venom by anti-PLA2 IgGs. Toxicon. Oxford: Elsevier, vol. 86, p. 89-95. E-ISSN 1879-3150. 0041-0101 http://repositorio.unne.edu.ar/handle/123456789/59448 eng http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.05.016 openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ar/ application/pdf p. 89-95 application/pdf Elsevier Toxicon, 2014, vol. 86, p. 89-95.
institution Universidad Nacional del Nordeste
institution_str I-48
repository_str R-184
collection RIUNNE - Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE)
language Inglés
topic Envenomation
Anti-PLA2 immunoglobulins
Bothrops alternatus
Non-myotoxic PLA2
spellingShingle Envenomation
Anti-PLA2 immunoglobulins
Bothrops alternatus
Non-myotoxic PLA2
García Denegri, María Emilia
Maruñak, Silvana Licia
Todaro, Juan Santiago
Ponce-Soto, Luis Alberto
Acosta, Ofelia Cristina
Leiva, Laura Cristina Ana
Neutralisation of the pharmacological activities of Bothrops alternatus venom by anti-PLA2 IgGs
topic_facet Envenomation
Anti-PLA2 immunoglobulins
Bothrops alternatus
Non-myotoxic PLA2
description Basic phospholipases A2 (PLA2) are toxic and induce a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects, although the acidic enzyme types are not lethal or cause low lethality. Therefore, it is challenging to elucidate the mechanism of action of acidic phospholipases. This study used the acidic non-toxic Ba SpII RP4 PLA2 from Bothrops alternatus as an antigen to develop anti-PLA2 IgG antibodies in rabbits and used in vivo assays to examine the changes in crude venom when pre-incubated with these antibodies. Using Ouchterlony and western blot analyses on B. alternatus venom, we examined the specificity and sensitivity of phospholipase A2 recognition by the specific antibodies (anti-PLA2 IgG). Neutralisation assays using a non-toxic PLA2 antigen revealed unexpected results. The (indirect) haemolytic activity of whole venom was completely inhibited, and all catalytically active phospholipases A2 were blocked. Myotoxicity and lethality were reduced when the crude venom was pre-incubated with anti-PLA2 immunoglobulins. CK levels in the skeletal muscle were significantly reduced at 6 h, and the muscular damage was more significant at this time-point compared to 3 and 12 h. When four times the LD50 was used (224 μg), half the animals treated with the venom–anti PLA2 IgG mixture survived after 48 h. All assays performed with the specific antibodies revealed that Ba SpII RP4 PLA2 had a synergistic effect on whole-venom toxicity. IgG antibodies against the venom of the Argentinean species B. alternatus represent a valuable tool for elucidation of the roles of acidic PLA2 that appear to have purely digestive roles and for further studies on immunotherapy and snake envenoming in affected areas in Argentina and Brazil. Preguntar a ChatGPT
format Artículo
author García Denegri, María Emilia
Maruñak, Silvana Licia
Todaro, Juan Santiago
Ponce-Soto, Luis Alberto
Acosta, Ofelia Cristina
Leiva, Laura Cristina Ana
author_facet García Denegri, María Emilia
Maruñak, Silvana Licia
Todaro, Juan Santiago
Ponce-Soto, Luis Alberto
Acosta, Ofelia Cristina
Leiva, Laura Cristina Ana
author_sort García Denegri, María Emilia
title Neutralisation of the pharmacological activities of Bothrops alternatus venom by anti-PLA2 IgGs
title_short Neutralisation of the pharmacological activities of Bothrops alternatus venom by anti-PLA2 IgGs
title_full Neutralisation of the pharmacological activities of Bothrops alternatus venom by anti-PLA2 IgGs
title_fullStr Neutralisation of the pharmacological activities of Bothrops alternatus venom by anti-PLA2 IgGs
title_full_unstemmed Neutralisation of the pharmacological activities of Bothrops alternatus venom by anti-PLA2 IgGs
title_sort neutralisation of the pharmacological activities of bothrops alternatus venom by anti-pla2 iggs
publisher Elsevier
publishDate 2025
url http://repositorio.unne.edu.ar/handle/123456789/59448
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