Embryology in helosis cayennensis (Balanophoraceae) : structure of female flowers, fruit, endosperm and embryo

Helosis cayennensis (Balanophoraceae s.str.) is a holoparasite characterised by aberrant vegetative bodies and tiny, reduced unisexual flowers. Here, we analysed the development of female flowers to elucidate their morpho-anatomy and the historical controversy on embryo sac formation. We also stu...

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Autores principales: González, Ana María, Sato, Héctor Arnaldo, Marazzi, Brigitte
Formato: Artículo
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: MDPI 2024
Materias:
Embryo
Endosperm
Four-celled embryo sac
Holoparasites
Acceso en línea:http://repositorio.unne.edu.ar/handle/123456789/53162
Aporte de:
RIUNNE - Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE) de Universidad Nacional del Nordeste
id I48-R184-123456789-53162
record_format dspace
spelling I48-R184-123456789-531622024-09-30T14:43:55Z Embryology in helosis cayennensis (Balanophoraceae) : structure of female flowers, fruit, endosperm and embryo González, Ana María Sato, Héctor Arnaldo Marazzi, Brigitte Embryo Endosperm Four-celled embryo sac Holoparasites Helosis cayennensis (Balanophoraceae s.str.) is a holoparasite characterised by aberrant vegetative bodies and tiny, reduced unisexual flowers. Here, we analysed the development of female flowers to elucidate their morpho-anatomy and the historical controversy on embryo sac formation. We also studied the developmental origin of inflorescences and the ontogeny of fruits, embryo and endosperm and discussed in a phylogenetic framework. Inflorescences were analysed by optical, fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. Inflorescences of H. cayennensis arise endogenously. Female flowers lack perianth organs, thus only consist of the ovary, two styles and stigmata. Ovules are undifferentiated; two megaspore mother cells develop inside a nucellar complex. The female gametophyte, named Helosis-type, is a bisporic four-celled embryo sac, provided with a typical egg apparatus and a uni-nucleated central cell. Fertilization was not observed, yet a few-celled embryo and cellular endosperm developed. In sum, results confirm that, among Santalales holoparasites, Helosis is intermediate in the reduction series of its floral organs. Although perianth absence best supports the Balanophoraceae s.str. clade, our literature survey on female flower developmental data across Balanophoraceae s.l. highlights the many gaps that need to be filled to really understand these features in the light of new phylogenetic relationships. 2024-03-21T11:38:41Z 2024-03-21T11:38:41Z 2019 Artículo González, Ana María, Sato, Héctor Arnaldo y Marazzi, Brigitte, 2019. Embryology in helosis cayennensis (Balanophoraceae) : structure of female flowers, fruit, endosperm and embryo. Plants. Basel: MDPI, vol. 8, no. 74, p. 1-19. E-ISSN 2223-7747. http://repositorio.unne.edu.ar/handle/123456789/53162 eng https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/8/3/74 openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ar/ application/pdf p. 1-19 application/pdf MDPI Plants, 2019, vol. 8, no. 74, p. 1-19.
institution Universidad Nacional del Nordeste
institution_str I-48
repository_str R-184
collection RIUNNE - Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE)
language Inglés
topic Embryo
Endosperm
Four-celled embryo sac
Holoparasites
spellingShingle Embryo
Endosperm
Four-celled embryo sac
Holoparasites
González, Ana María
Sato, Héctor Arnaldo
Marazzi, Brigitte
Embryology in helosis cayennensis (Balanophoraceae) : structure of female flowers, fruit, endosperm and embryo
topic_facet Embryo
Endosperm
Four-celled embryo sac
Holoparasites
description Helosis cayennensis (Balanophoraceae s.str.) is a holoparasite characterised by aberrant vegetative bodies and tiny, reduced unisexual flowers. Here, we analysed the development of female flowers to elucidate their morpho-anatomy and the historical controversy on embryo sac formation. We also studied the developmental origin of inflorescences and the ontogeny of fruits, embryo and endosperm and discussed in a phylogenetic framework. Inflorescences were analysed by optical, fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. Inflorescences of H. cayennensis arise endogenously. Female flowers lack perianth organs, thus only consist of the ovary, two styles and stigmata. Ovules are undifferentiated; two megaspore mother cells develop inside a nucellar complex. The female gametophyte, named Helosis-type, is a bisporic four-celled embryo sac, provided with a typical egg apparatus and a uni-nucleated central cell. Fertilization was not observed, yet a few-celled embryo and cellular endosperm developed. In sum, results confirm that, among Santalales holoparasites, Helosis is intermediate in the reduction series of its floral organs. Although perianth absence best supports the Balanophoraceae s.str. clade, our literature survey on female flower developmental data across Balanophoraceae s.l. highlights the many gaps that need to be filled to really understand these features in the light of new phylogenetic relationships.
format Artículo
author González, Ana María
Sato, Héctor Arnaldo
Marazzi, Brigitte
author_facet González, Ana María
Sato, Héctor Arnaldo
Marazzi, Brigitte
author_sort González, Ana María
title Embryology in helosis cayennensis (Balanophoraceae) : structure of female flowers, fruit, endosperm and embryo
title_short Embryology in helosis cayennensis (Balanophoraceae) : structure of female flowers, fruit, endosperm and embryo
title_full Embryology in helosis cayennensis (Balanophoraceae) : structure of female flowers, fruit, endosperm and embryo
title_fullStr Embryology in helosis cayennensis (Balanophoraceae) : structure of female flowers, fruit, endosperm and embryo
title_full_unstemmed Embryology in helosis cayennensis (Balanophoraceae) : structure of female flowers, fruit, endosperm and embryo
title_sort embryology in helosis cayennensis (balanophoraceae) : structure of female flowers, fruit, endosperm and embryo
publisher MDPI
publishDate 2024
url http://repositorio.unne.edu.ar/handle/123456789/53162
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AT marazzibrigitte embryologyinhelosiscayennensisbalanophoraceaestructureoffemaleflowersfruitendospermandembryo
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