Embryogenesis, endospermogenesis and fruit development in lophophytum (balanophoraceae) : focus on endosperm and embryo initiation

Studies on the development of the endosperm, embryo and fruit are scarce in Balanophoraceae, since a particular pattern for the family has not been established. Moreover, discrepancies between the reported cases are being observed by various authors. The aims in this study are to describe the proces...

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Autores principales: Sato, Héctor Arnaldo, González, Ana María
Formato: Artículo
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: Elsevier 2022
Materias:
Balanophoraceae
Embryo
Endosperm
Fruit
Holoparasite
Lophophytum
Acceso en línea:http://repositorio.unne.edu.ar/handle/123456789/47989
Aporte de:
RIUNNE - Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE) de Universidad Nacional del Nordeste
id I48-R184-123456789-47989
record_format dspace
spelling I48-R184-123456789-479892024-09-30T14:40:54Z Embryogenesis, endospermogenesis and fruit development in lophophytum (balanophoraceae) : focus on endosperm and embryo initiation Sato, Héctor Arnaldo González, Ana María Balanophoraceae Embryo Endosperm Fruit Holoparasite Lophophytum Studies on the development of the endosperm, embryo and fruit are scarce in Balanophoraceae, since a particular pattern for the family has not been established. Moreover, discrepancies between the reported cases are being observed by various authors. The aims in this study are to describe the processes of endospermogenesis, embryogenesis and fruit development for the Argentine Lophophytum species. Pistillate flowers and fruits at different stages of development were analysed using conventional optical and scanning electronic microscopy. Endospermogenesis without fertilization takes place in three stages: firstly, the formation of a coenocyte of 2–12 nuclei which originate from polar nuclei. The second stage is the fusion of the endosperm nuclei, plus both nuclear and cytoplasmic material from cells of nucella. Once inside the coenocytes, fusion of all the nuclei results in a single giant nucleus reaching dimensions of 120 × 60 m. The third stage is the endosperm formation sequence with rounds of coordinated mitosis, giving rise to nuclei of equal dimensions; the simultaneous cytokinesis gives rise to the early endosperm cells. The zygote, influenced by the endosperm, undergoes three or four rounds of mitotic division, resulting in a mass of very small cells. The mature seed is formed only of endosperm and undifferentiated embryo. The mature embryo is undifferentiated, globular, consisting of between 24 and 32 cells and it completely lacks any radicle, cotyledons or stem. The mature ovary becomes a tiny achene in both species. We proposed the existence of parthenogenesis for the Argentine species of Lophophytum, which is justified by the formation of the endosperm without any fertilization, which is the start of the development of the autonomous endosperm. The zygote begins its division due to the influence of the endosperm. 2022-06-02T12:02:38Z 2022-06-02T12:02:38Z 2017-05-05 Artículo Sato, Héctor Arnaldo y González, Ana María, 2017. Embryogenesis, endospermogenesis and fruit development in lophophytum (balanophoraceae) : focus on endosperm and embryo initiation. Flora. Ámsterdam: Elsevier, vol. 233, p. 79-89. ISSN 0367-2530. 0367-2530 http://repositorio.unne.edu.ar/handle/123456789/47989 eng https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0367253017332103 openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ar/ application/pdf application/pdf Elsevier Flora, 2017, vol. 233, p. 79-89.
institution Universidad Nacional del Nordeste
institution_str I-48
repository_str R-184
collection RIUNNE - Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE)
language Inglés
topic Balanophoraceae
Embryo
Endosperm
Fruit
Holoparasite
Lophophytum
spellingShingle Balanophoraceae
Embryo
Endosperm
Fruit
Holoparasite
Lophophytum
Sato, Héctor Arnaldo
González, Ana María
Embryogenesis, endospermogenesis and fruit development in lophophytum (balanophoraceae) : focus on endosperm and embryo initiation
topic_facet Balanophoraceae
Embryo
Endosperm
Fruit
Holoparasite
Lophophytum
description Studies on the development of the endosperm, embryo and fruit are scarce in Balanophoraceae, since a particular pattern for the family has not been established. Moreover, discrepancies between the reported cases are being observed by various authors. The aims in this study are to describe the processes of endospermogenesis, embryogenesis and fruit development for the Argentine Lophophytum species. Pistillate flowers and fruits at different stages of development were analysed using conventional optical and scanning electronic microscopy. Endospermogenesis without fertilization takes place in three stages: firstly, the formation of a coenocyte of 2–12 nuclei which originate from polar nuclei. The second stage is the fusion of the endosperm nuclei, plus both nuclear and cytoplasmic material from cells of nucella. Once inside the coenocytes, fusion of all the nuclei results in a single giant nucleus reaching dimensions of 120 × 60 m. The third stage is the endosperm formation sequence with rounds of coordinated mitosis, giving rise to nuclei of equal dimensions; the simultaneous cytokinesis gives rise to the early endosperm cells. The zygote, influenced by the endosperm, undergoes three or four rounds of mitotic division, resulting in a mass of very small cells. The mature seed is formed only of endosperm and undifferentiated embryo. The mature embryo is undifferentiated, globular, consisting of between 24 and 32 cells and it completely lacks any radicle, cotyledons or stem. The mature ovary becomes a tiny achene in both species. We proposed the existence of parthenogenesis for the Argentine species of Lophophytum, which is justified by the formation of the endosperm without any fertilization, which is the start of the development of the autonomous endosperm. The zygote begins its division due to the influence of the endosperm.
format Artículo
author Sato, Héctor Arnaldo
González, Ana María
author_facet Sato, Héctor Arnaldo
González, Ana María
author_sort Sato, Héctor Arnaldo
title Embryogenesis, endospermogenesis and fruit development in lophophytum (balanophoraceae) : focus on endosperm and embryo initiation
title_short Embryogenesis, endospermogenesis and fruit development in lophophytum (balanophoraceae) : focus on endosperm and embryo initiation
title_full Embryogenesis, endospermogenesis and fruit development in lophophytum (balanophoraceae) : focus on endosperm and embryo initiation
title_fullStr Embryogenesis, endospermogenesis and fruit development in lophophytum (balanophoraceae) : focus on endosperm and embryo initiation
title_full_unstemmed Embryogenesis, endospermogenesis and fruit development in lophophytum (balanophoraceae) : focus on endosperm and embryo initiation
title_sort embryogenesis, endospermogenesis and fruit development in lophophytum (balanophoraceae) : focus on endosperm and embryo initiation
publisher Elsevier
publishDate 2022
url http://repositorio.unne.edu.ar/handle/123456789/47989
work_keys_str_mv AT satohectorarnaldo embryogenesisendospermogenesisandfruitdevelopmentinlophophytumbalanophoraceaefocusonendospermandembryoinitiation
AT gonzalezanamaria embryogenesisendospermogenesisandfruitdevelopmentinlophophytumbalanophoraceaefocusonendospermandembryoinitiation
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