Relationship between age-sex classes and prevalence of giardia spp. and blastocistys spp. in black and gold howler monkeys inhabiting fragmented forests

Studies have shown that as age increases, parasitism could also be more frequent, on the other hand, the lack of immunity can increase the risk of infection in younger individuals. Regarding sex, there is a general tendency for males to be more parasitized than females, in the case of primates, th...

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Autores principales: Alegre, Rumesilda Eliana, Genusso, María Sol, Milano, Alicia María Francisca, Kowalewski, Martín Miguel
Formato: Artículo
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología 2022
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Acceso en línea:http://repositorio.unne.edu.ar/handle/123456789/47734
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id I48-R184-123456789-47734
record_format dspace
institution Universidad Nacional del Nordeste
institution_str I-48
repository_str R-184
collection RIUNNE - Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE)
language Inglés
topic Endoparasites
Intrinsic factors
Non-human primates
Prevalence of infection
Protozoa
spellingShingle Endoparasites
Intrinsic factors
Non-human primates
Prevalence of infection
Protozoa
Alegre, Rumesilda Eliana
Genusso, María Sol
Milano, Alicia María Francisca
Kowalewski, Martín Miguel
Relationship between age-sex classes and prevalence of giardia spp. and blastocistys spp. in black and gold howler monkeys inhabiting fragmented forests
topic_facet Endoparasites
Intrinsic factors
Non-human primates
Prevalence of infection
Protozoa
description Studies have shown that as age increases, parasitism could also be more frequent, on the other hand, the lack of immunity can increase the risk of infection in younger individuals. Regarding sex, there is a general tendency for males to be more parasitized than females, in the case of primates, this is related to the effort made by males into attaining and maintain a high rank, implying high levels of testosterone, a hormone with immunosuppressive effects. Immunosuppressive effects of stress hormones can also increase susceptibility in dominant or subordinate individuals, nevertheless, in a study, the level of exposure to parasites seems to be more important than the immunosuppressive effects of stress in explaining why dominant females have more infections from directly transmitted parasites. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the prevalence of Giardia spp. and Blastocystis spp. and the categories of age and sex in black and golden howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) of Argentina. We analyzed 375 fecal samples from 27 individuals (juveniles and adults of both sexes), using microscopy and techniques of flotation and sedimentation. To analyze the relationship between age, sex, and infection prevalence, a Generalized Linear Mixed Model was used. In adults, the prevalence of infection was 78.5 % while in juveniles, all individuals (100 %) were infected with both protozoa. Males had a infection prevalence 84.6%, in females it was 92.8 %. When comparing infection prevalence between ages and between sexes, no significant differences were found (P > 0.05). Research suggests that parasite infection rates may be influenced by specific form of transmission, in this sense, these protozoa, are transmitted through ingestion of cysts which are infectious immediately after defecation has occurred. On the other hand, all members of the group tend to defecate simultaneously, leaving all the members of the group exposed to infection. Therefore, we suggest that physiological or behavioral factors do not appear to be important in the risk of protozoan infection.
format Artículo
author Alegre, Rumesilda Eliana
Genusso, María Sol
Milano, Alicia María Francisca
Kowalewski, Martín Miguel
author_facet Alegre, Rumesilda Eliana
Genusso, María Sol
Milano, Alicia María Francisca
Kowalewski, Martín Miguel
author_sort Alegre, Rumesilda Eliana
title Relationship between age-sex classes and prevalence of giardia spp. and blastocistys spp. in black and gold howler monkeys inhabiting fragmented forests
title_short Relationship between age-sex classes and prevalence of giardia spp. and blastocistys spp. in black and gold howler monkeys inhabiting fragmented forests
title_full Relationship between age-sex classes and prevalence of giardia spp. and blastocistys spp. in black and gold howler monkeys inhabiting fragmented forests
title_fullStr Relationship between age-sex classes and prevalence of giardia spp. and blastocistys spp. in black and gold howler monkeys inhabiting fragmented forests
title_full_unstemmed Relationship between age-sex classes and prevalence of giardia spp. and blastocistys spp. in black and gold howler monkeys inhabiting fragmented forests
title_sort relationship between age-sex classes and prevalence of giardia spp. and blastocistys spp. in black and gold howler monkeys inhabiting fragmented forests
publisher Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología
publishDate 2022
url http://repositorio.unne.edu.ar/handle/123456789/47734
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