Genetic diversity in Brown Swiss cattle from Azangaro province, Puno region, Peru
The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity and population structure of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene in Brown Swiss cattle raised in the Peruvian highlands. Blood samples were collected from 41 cows belonging to 13 dairy farms in Azángaro province, Puno Region. After DN...
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| Formato: | Artículo revista |
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Universidad Nacional del Nordeste
2026
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| Acceso en línea: | https://revistas.unne.edu.ar/index.php/vet/article/view/9224 |
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I48-R154-article-9224 |
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ojs |
| institution |
Universidad Nacional del Nordeste |
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I-48 |
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R-154 |
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Revistas UNNE - Universidad Nacional del Noroeste (UNNE) |
| language |
Español |
| format |
Artículo revista |
| topic |
mitochondrial DNA haplotypes phylogeny distance lineage ADN mitocondrial haplotipos filogenia distancia linaje |
| spellingShingle |
mitochondrial DNA haplotypes phylogeny distance lineage ADN mitocondrial haplotipos filogenia distancia linaje Pacosoncco, Jesus Titi Vilcanqui Mamani, Hugo Vilca De Diaz, Feliciana Genetic diversity in Brown Swiss cattle from Azangaro province, Puno region, Peru |
| topic_facet |
mitochondrial DNA haplotypes phylogeny distance lineage ADN mitocondrial haplotipos filogenia distancia linaje |
| author |
Pacosoncco, Jesus Titi Vilcanqui Mamani, Hugo Vilca De Diaz, Feliciana |
| author_facet |
Pacosoncco, Jesus Titi Vilcanqui Mamani, Hugo Vilca De Diaz, Feliciana |
| author_sort |
Pacosoncco, Jesus Titi |
| title |
Genetic diversity in Brown Swiss cattle from Azangaro province, Puno region, Peru |
| title_short |
Genetic diversity in Brown Swiss cattle from Azangaro province, Puno region, Peru |
| title_full |
Genetic diversity in Brown Swiss cattle from Azangaro province, Puno region, Peru |
| title_fullStr |
Genetic diversity in Brown Swiss cattle from Azangaro province, Puno region, Peru |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Genetic diversity in Brown Swiss cattle from Azangaro province, Puno region, Peru |
| title_sort |
genetic diversity in brown swiss cattle from azangaro province, puno region, peru |
| description |
The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity and population structure of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene in Brown Swiss cattle raised in the Peruvian highlands. Blood samples were collected from 41 cows belonging to 13 dairy farms in Azángaro province, Puno Region. After DNA extraction and PCR amplification, Sanger sequencing was performed. Prior to bioinformatics analysis, three sequences were excluded due to low quality (Q-score < 20), resulting in a final dataset of 38 sequences. Alignment was conducted using the MUSCLE algorithm, and phylogenetic reconstruction was performed using the Maximum Likelihood method (HKY+I model) in MEGA v.12. Genetic diversity indices were estimated using R. A total of 31 distinct haplotypes were identified, indicating high haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.9687) combined with low nucleotide diversity (π = 0.0240). The haplotype network exhibited a star-like topology, characterized by a high number of unique haplotypes and a few central ones. Tajima's Neutrality Test yielded consistently negative values (D < -2.5), suggesting an excess of low-frequency polymorphisms, which is consistent with a recent population expansion or purifying selection. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of multiple divergent mitochondrial lineages without a clear geographic structure. These results indicate that, despite being a commercial breed, the Brown Swiss population in northern Puno retains considerable and heterogeneous mitochondrial genetic reserve, likely maintained through active gene flow. This genetic variability represents an important resource for the design of sustainable conservation and genetic improvement strategies in the region. |
| publisher |
Universidad Nacional del Nordeste |
| publishDate |
2026 |
| url |
https://revistas.unne.edu.ar/index.php/vet/article/view/9224 |
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2026-04-17T05:00:57Z |
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I48-R154-article-92242026-04-08T12:43:26Z Genetic diversity in Brown Swiss cattle from Azangaro province, Puno region, Peru Diversidad genética en ganado Brown Swiss de la provincia de Azángaro, región Puno, Perú Pacosoncco, Jesus Titi Vilcanqui Mamani, Hugo Vilca De Diaz, Feliciana mitochondrial DNA haplotypes phylogeny distance lineage ADN mitocondrial haplotipos filogenia distancia linaje The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity and population structure of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene in Brown Swiss cattle raised in the Peruvian highlands. Blood samples were collected from 41 cows belonging to 13 dairy farms in Azángaro province, Puno Region. After DNA extraction and PCR amplification, Sanger sequencing was performed. Prior to bioinformatics analysis, three sequences were excluded due to low quality (Q-score < 20), resulting in a final dataset of 38 sequences. Alignment was conducted using the MUSCLE algorithm, and phylogenetic reconstruction was performed using the Maximum Likelihood method (HKY+I model) in MEGA v.12. Genetic diversity indices were estimated using R. A total of 31 distinct haplotypes were identified, indicating high haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.9687) combined with low nucleotide diversity (π = 0.0240). The haplotype network exhibited a star-like topology, characterized by a high number of unique haplotypes and a few central ones. Tajima's Neutrality Test yielded consistently negative values (D < -2.5), suggesting an excess of low-frequency polymorphisms, which is consistent with a recent population expansion or purifying selection. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of multiple divergent mitochondrial lineages without a clear geographic structure. These results indicate that, despite being a commercial breed, the Brown Swiss population in northern Puno retains considerable and heterogeneous mitochondrial genetic reserve, likely maintained through active gene flow. This genetic variability represents an important resource for the design of sustainable conservation and genetic improvement strategies in the region. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la diversidad genética y la estructura poblacional del gen mitocondrial citocromo b (cytb) en ganado Brown Swiss criado en el altiplano peruano. Se recolectaron muestras sanguíneas de 41 vacas procedentes de 13 establos lecheros en la provincia de Azángaro, Puno. Tras la extracción de ADN y amplificación por PCR, se realizó secuenciación Sanger; previo al análisis bioinformático, se excluyeron tres lecturas por baja calidad (Q-score < 20), trabajando con un conjunto final de 38 secuencias. El alineamiento se realizó con el algoritmo MUSCLE y la reconstrucción filogenética mediante Máxima Verosimilitud (modelo HKY+I) en MEGA v.12, mientras que los índices de diversidad se calcularon en R. Se identificaron 31 haplotipos distintos, revelando una alta diversidad haplotípica (Hd = 0,9687) en contraste con una baja diversidad nucleotídica (π = 0,0240). La red de haplotipos exhibió una topología en estrella, dominada por haplotipos únicos y pocos centrales. Asimismo, el Test de Neutralidad de Tajima arrojó valores negativos consistentes (D < -2,5), lo que sugiere un exceso de polimorfismos de baja frecuencia, indicativo de una expansión poblacional reciente o selección purificadora. El análisis filogenético mostró múltiples linajes divergentes sin una estructura geográfica definida. Se concluye que, a pesar de ser una raza comercial, la población de Brown Swiss en el norte de Puno mantiene una reserva genética mitocondrial considerable y heterogénea, probablemente debida al flujo genético activo, lo cual es fundamental para diseñar estrategias de conservación y mejora genética sostenible en la región. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste 2026-04-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml application/epub+zip text/html https://revistas.unne.edu.ar/index.php/vet/article/view/9224 10.30972/vet.3719224 Revista Veterinaria; Vol. 37 (2026); 1-7 Revista Veterinaria; Vol. 37 (2026); 1-7 1669-6840 1668-4834 spa https://revistas.unne.edu.ar/index.php/vet/article/view/9224/9084 https://revistas.unne.edu.ar/index.php/vet/article/view/9224/9106 https://revistas.unne.edu.ar/index.php/vet/article/view/9224/9107 https://revistas.unne.edu.ar/index.php/vet/article/view/9224/9108 Derechos de autor 2026 Jesus Titi Pacosoncco, Hugo Vilcanqui Mamani, Feliciana Vilca De Diaz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 |