Bovine brucellosis in continental Ecuador: territorial distribution, incidence rate and risk in the 2019-2023 five-year period
The objective of this study was to evaluate the territorial distribution, incidence rate, and animals at risk of bovine brucellosis in continental Ecuador during the 2019-2023 five-year period. A retrospective and descriptive epidemiological study was conducted on the series of positive cases and th...
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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| Formato: | Artículo revista |
| Lenguaje: | Español |
| Publicado: |
Universidad Nacional del Nordeste
2025
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://revistas.unne.edu.ar/index.php/vet/article/view/8110 |
| Aporte de: |
| Sumario: | The objective of this study was to evaluate the territorial distribution, incidence rate, and animals at risk of bovine brucellosis in continental Ecuador during the 2019-2023 five-year period. A retrospective and descriptive epidemiological study was conducted on the series of positive cases and the bovine population, broken down by months, years, provinces, and regions. The statistical analysis included a multifactorial ANOVA without interaction for the annual mean of positive cases and the incidence rate; the seasonal decomposition of positive cases, equally spaced with a seasonal amplitude of 12 months, and a cluster analysis considering the incidence rate and the relative risk to cluster the provinces into three risk categories: low, medium, and high. The Andean region showed the highest annual average of positive cases, and the highest incidence rate (p<0.0119) compared to the Littoral and Amazon regions. The provinces of Carchi, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas and Pichincha had the highest incidence rates with 118.43, 80.52 and 80.44 cases per 100,000 cattle, respectively. These three provinces, together with El Oro, host the highest number of animals at risk. The provinces of Carchi, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Pichincha and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas were grouped in the high-risk cluster with the highest incidence rates and relative risks, suggesting the need for targeted interventions. It is concluded that brucellosis is present in 22 continental provinces, with highly variable incidence rates and number of animals at risk. The observed heterogeneity in the risk of contracting the disease among regions and provinces underscores the need for a comprehensive and multifaceted approach to its management, including epidemiological surveillance, education and training of producers, implementation of good management and biosecurity practices, and the execution of vaccination campaigns. |
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