Parvovirus: a review of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and control of parvovirus diseases in companion and production animals

Parvoviruses belong to a group of non-enveloped viruses capable of infecting a wide range of domestic and wild hosts, potentially causing diverse clinical conditions, such as reproductive failure in pigs and cattle, enteritis in dogs and poultry, panleukopenia in cats, hepatitis in horses, and respi...

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Autores principales: Ozaeta, D. S., Williman, M. M., Negrelli Pilar, M., Echeverría, M. G., Metz, G. E., Serena, M. S., Williams, S. I.
Formato: Artículo revista
Lenguaje:Español
Publicado: Universidad Nacional del Nordeste 2025
Materias:
Parvovirus
companion animals
production animals
wildlife
animales de compañía
animales de producción
fauna silvestre
Acceso en línea:https://revistas.unne.edu.ar/index.php/vet/article/view/8084
Aporte de:
Revistas UNNE - Universidad Nacional del Noroeste (UNNE) de Universidad Nacional del Nordeste
id I48-R154-article-8084
record_format ojs
institution Universidad Nacional del Nordeste
institution_str I-48
repository_str R-154
container_title_str Revistas UNNE - Universidad Nacional del Noroeste (UNNE)
language Español
format Artículo revista
topic Parvovirus
companion animals
production animals
wildlife
Parvovirus
animales de compañía
animales de producción
fauna silvestre
spellingShingle Parvovirus
companion animals
production animals
wildlife
Parvovirus
animales de compañía
animales de producción
fauna silvestre
Ozaeta, D. S.
Williman, M. M.
Negrelli Pilar, M.
Echeverría, M. G.
Metz, G. E.
Serena, M. S.
Williams, S. I.
Parvovirus: a review of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and control of parvovirus diseases in companion and production animals
topic_facet Parvovirus
companion animals
production animals
wildlife
Parvovirus
animales de compañía
animales de producción
fauna silvestre
author Ozaeta, D. S.
Williman, M. M.
Negrelli Pilar, M.
Echeverría, M. G.
Metz, G. E.
Serena, M. S.
Williams, S. I.
author_facet Ozaeta, D. S.
Williman, M. M.
Negrelli Pilar, M.
Echeverría, M. G.
Metz, G. E.
Serena, M. S.
Williams, S. I.
author_sort Ozaeta, D. S.
title Parvovirus: a review of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and control of parvovirus diseases in companion and production animals
title_short Parvovirus: a review of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and control of parvovirus diseases in companion and production animals
title_full Parvovirus: a review of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and control of parvovirus diseases in companion and production animals
title_fullStr Parvovirus: a review of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and control of parvovirus diseases in companion and production animals
title_full_unstemmed Parvovirus: a review of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and control of parvovirus diseases in companion and production animals
title_sort parvovirus: a review of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and control of parvovirus diseases in companion and production animals
description Parvoviruses belong to a group of non-enveloped viruses capable of infecting a wide range of domestic and wild hosts, potentially causing diverse clinical conditions, such as reproductive failure in pigs and cattle, enteritis in dogs and poultry, panleukopenia in cats, hepatitis in horses, and respiratory and skin diseases in humans. Although these viruses are primarily host-specific, there is evidence of interspecies transmission, particularly among wild animals. The parvovirus genome consists of a linear DNA strand, approximately 5 kb in length, with palindromic terminal sequences that form a hairpin structure composed of 120 to 200 bases. These viruses are widely distributed and exhibit remarkable stability under various environmental conditions, remaining infectious for extended periods. Susceptible hosts become infected through direct contact with infected individuals or fomites, and the infection may result in clinical symptoms with variable manifestations depending on the affected species. Furthermore, some hosts may develop subclinical infections, shedding the virus through secretions and excretions. Diagnosis is performed using serological and molecular techniques, with PCR being the most sensitive and specific method. Treatment for companion animals focuses on symptomatic management, including fluid therapy, broad-spectrum antimicrobials, antiemetics, antacids, and gastric mucosal protectants. Additionally, antivirals, immunomodulators, and probiotics have been increasingly used to reverse clinical conditions. On the other hand, there is no specific treatment for clinical conditions in production animals. In swine production, management is based on prevention using inactivated vaccines and biosecurity measures. This review will describe the clinical conditions associated with parvoviruses in veterinary-relevant host species, as well as aspects related to their taxonomic classification, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
publisher Universidad Nacional del Nordeste
publishDate 2025
url https://revistas.unne.edu.ar/index.php/vet/article/view/8084
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spelling I48-R154-article-80842025-03-06T22:49:11Z Parvovirus: a review of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and control of parvovirus diseases in companion and production animals Parvovirus: una revisión sobre la epidemiología, patogenia, diagnóstico y control de enfermedades producidas por parvovirus en animales domésticos Ozaeta, D. S. Williman, M. M. Negrelli Pilar, M. Echeverría, M. G. Metz, G. E. Serena, M. S. Williams, S. I. Parvovirus companion animals production animals wildlife Parvovirus animales de compañía animales de producción fauna silvestre Parvoviruses belong to a group of non-enveloped viruses capable of infecting a wide range of domestic and wild hosts, potentially causing diverse clinical conditions, such as reproductive failure in pigs and cattle, enteritis in dogs and poultry, panleukopenia in cats, hepatitis in horses, and respiratory and skin diseases in humans. Although these viruses are primarily host-specific, there is evidence of interspecies transmission, particularly among wild animals. The parvovirus genome consists of a linear DNA strand, approximately 5 kb in length, with palindromic terminal sequences that form a hairpin structure composed of 120 to 200 bases. These viruses are widely distributed and exhibit remarkable stability under various environmental conditions, remaining infectious for extended periods. Susceptible hosts become infected through direct contact with infected individuals or fomites, and the infection may result in clinical symptoms with variable manifestations depending on the affected species. Furthermore, some hosts may develop subclinical infections, shedding the virus through secretions and excretions. Diagnosis is performed using serological and molecular techniques, with PCR being the most sensitive and specific method. Treatment for companion animals focuses on symptomatic management, including fluid therapy, broad-spectrum antimicrobials, antiemetics, antacids, and gastric mucosal protectants. Additionally, antivirals, immunomodulators, and probiotics have been increasingly used to reverse clinical conditions. On the other hand, there is no specific treatment for clinical conditions in production animals. In swine production, management is based on prevention using inactivated vaccines and biosecurity measures. This review will describe the clinical conditions associated with parvoviruses in veterinary-relevant host species, as well as aspects related to their taxonomic classification, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Los parvovirus pertenecen a un grupo de virus no envueltos, capaces de infectar en una amplia variedad de hospedadores domésticos y silvestres, pudiendo causar diversos cuadros clínicos como fallas reproductivas en cerdos y bovinos, enteritis en caninos y aves de corral, panleucopenia en felinos, hepatitis en equinos, enfermedad respiratoria y cutánea en humanos. Estos virus son mayormente especie-específicos, aunque hay evidencia de transmisión interespecie, especialmente en animales silvestres. Su genoma está compuesto por una cadena lineal de ADN, de aproximadamente 5 kb, cuyas secuencias terminales son complejos palindrómicos en forma de horquilla, compuestos por 120 a 200 bases. Se encuentran ampliamente distribuidos y son muy estables en diversas condiciones ambientales, capaces de permanecer infectivos durante largos períodos. Los hospedadores susceptibles se infectan por contacto directo con individuos infectados o fómites y la infección puede ocasionar cuadros clínicos con signos diversos según la especie afectada. Además, algunos hospedadores desarrollan cuadros subclínicos que pueden eliminar el virus en secreciones y excreciones. Para su diagnóstico se emplean técnicas serológicas y moleculares, siendo la PCR la de mayor sensibilidad y especificidad. El tratamiento para los cuadros causados en animales de compañía se basa en la reversión de los signos mediante fluidoterapia, el uso de antimicrobianos de amplio espectro, antieméticos, antiácidos y protectores de la mucosa gástrica. Además, se han comenzado a utilizar antivirales, inmunomoduladores y probióticos para revertir el cuadro clínico. Por otra parte, no existe tratamiento para los cuadros clínicos en animales de producción. En producción porcina el manejo se basa en la prevención a través de la utilización de vacunas inactivadas y medidas de bioseguridad. En la presente revisión se describirán los diversos cuadros clínicos asociados a parvovirus en especies hospedadoras de interés en medicina veterinaria, y aspectos referentes a su clasificación taxonómica, epidemiología, patogenia, diagnóstico tratamiento y prevención. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste 2025-02-12 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://revistas.unne.edu.ar/index.php/vet/article/view/8084 10.30972/vet.3618084 Revista Veterinaria; Vol. 36 Núm. 1 (2025); 1-16 1669-6840 1668-4834 spa https://revistas.unne.edu.ar/index.php/vet/article/view/8084/7618 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

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