Initial state Applied electric field 4 Atomic ionization 4 Atoms 4 Computer simulation 4 Differential equations 4 Dynamical phasis 4 Electric fields 4 Hysteresis 4 Hysteresis switching 4 Integrodifferential equations 4 Ionization 4 Ionization amplitude 4 Laser pulses 4 Manganese oxide 4 Microscopic mechanisms 4 Numerical solution 4 Oxygen 4 Oxygen vacancies 4 Realistic model 4 Resistance state 4 Resistive switching 4 Short laser pulse 4 Switching 4 Switching thresholds 4 Total ionization cross sections 4 Transition metal compounds 4 Transition metals 4 Transition-metal oxides 4 Two oscillators 4