Nanosecond-level time synchronization of autonomous radio detector stations for extensive air showers
To exploit the full potential of radio measurements of cosmic-ray air showers at MHz frequencies, a detector timing synchronization within 1 ns is needed. Large distributed radio detector arrays such as the Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) rely on timing via the Global Positioning System (GPS) f...
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todo:paper_17480221_v11_n1_p_Multitudinario2023-10-03T16:32:07Z Nanosecond-level time synchronization of autonomous radio detector stations for extensive air showers Multitudinario:450 Calibration and fitting methods Cluster finding Detector alignment and calibration methods (lasers, sources, particle-beams) Pattern recognition Timing detectors Clocks Cosmic ray detectors Cosmic ray measurement Cosmic rays Cosmology Global positioning system Pattern recognition Software radio Synchronization Tracking (position) Automatic dependent surveillance - broadcasts Calibration method Cluster finding Cosmic ray air showers Fitting method Software-defined radios Timing detectors Timing synchronization Calibration To exploit the full potential of radio measurements of cosmic-ray air showers at MHz frequencies, a detector timing synchronization within 1 ns is needed. Large distributed radio detector arrays such as the Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) rely on timing via the Global Positioning System (GPS) for the synchronization of individual detector station clocks. Unfortunately, GPS timing is expected to have an accuracy no better than about 5 ns. In practice, in particular in AERA, the GPS clocks exhibit drifts on the order of tens of ns. We developed a technique to correct for the GPS drifts, and an independent method is used to cross-check that indeed we reach a nanosecond-scale timing accuracy by this correction. First, we operate a "beacon transmitter" which emits defined sine waves detected by AERA antennas recorded within the physics data. The relative phasing of these sine waves can be used to correct for GPS clock drifts. In addition to this, we observe radio pulses emitted by commercial airplanes, the position of which we determine in real time from Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcasts intercepted with a software-defined radio. From the known source location and the measured arrival times of the pulses we determine relative timing offsets between radio detector stations. We demonstrate with a combined analysis that the two methods give a consistent timing calibration with an accuracy of 2 ns or better. Consequently, the beacon method alone can be used in the future to continuously determine and correct for GPS clock drifts in each individual event measured by AERA. © 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab srl. JOUR info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_17480221_v11_n1_p_Multitudinario |
| institution |
Universidad de Buenos Aires |
| institution_str |
I-28 |
| repository_str |
R-134 |
| collection |
Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA) |
| topic |
Calibration and fitting methods Cluster finding Detector alignment and calibration methods (lasers, sources, particle-beams) Pattern recognition Timing detectors Clocks Cosmic ray detectors Cosmic ray measurement Cosmic rays Cosmology Global positioning system Pattern recognition Software radio Synchronization Tracking (position) Automatic dependent surveillance - broadcasts Calibration method Cluster finding Cosmic ray air showers Fitting method Software-defined radios Timing detectors Timing synchronization Calibration |
| spellingShingle |
Calibration and fitting methods Cluster finding Detector alignment and calibration methods (lasers, sources, particle-beams) Pattern recognition Timing detectors Clocks Cosmic ray detectors Cosmic ray measurement Cosmic rays Cosmology Global positioning system Pattern recognition Software radio Synchronization Tracking (position) Automatic dependent surveillance - broadcasts Calibration method Cluster finding Cosmic ray air showers Fitting method Software-defined radios Timing detectors Timing synchronization Calibration Multitudinario:450 Nanosecond-level time synchronization of autonomous radio detector stations for extensive air showers |
| topic_facet |
Calibration and fitting methods Cluster finding Detector alignment and calibration methods (lasers, sources, particle-beams) Pattern recognition Timing detectors Clocks Cosmic ray detectors Cosmic ray measurement Cosmic rays Cosmology Global positioning system Pattern recognition Software radio Synchronization Tracking (position) Automatic dependent surveillance - broadcasts Calibration method Cluster finding Cosmic ray air showers Fitting method Software-defined radios Timing detectors Timing synchronization Calibration |
| description |
To exploit the full potential of radio measurements of cosmic-ray air showers at MHz frequencies, a detector timing synchronization within 1 ns is needed. Large distributed radio detector arrays such as the Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) rely on timing via the Global Positioning System (GPS) for the synchronization of individual detector station clocks. Unfortunately, GPS timing is expected to have an accuracy no better than about 5 ns. In practice, in particular in AERA, the GPS clocks exhibit drifts on the order of tens of ns. We developed a technique to correct for the GPS drifts, and an independent method is used to cross-check that indeed we reach a nanosecond-scale timing accuracy by this correction. First, we operate a "beacon transmitter" which emits defined sine waves detected by AERA antennas recorded within the physics data. The relative phasing of these sine waves can be used to correct for GPS clock drifts. In addition to this, we observe radio pulses emitted by commercial airplanes, the position of which we determine in real time from Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcasts intercepted with a software-defined radio. From the known source location and the measured arrival times of the pulses we determine relative timing offsets between radio detector stations. We demonstrate with a combined analysis that the two methods give a consistent timing calibration with an accuracy of 2 ns or better. Consequently, the beacon method alone can be used in the future to continuously determine and correct for GPS clock drifts in each individual event measured by AERA. © 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab srl. |
| format |
JOUR |
| author |
Multitudinario:450 |
| author_facet |
Multitudinario:450 |
| author_sort |
Multitudinario:450 |
| title |
Nanosecond-level time synchronization of autonomous radio detector stations for extensive air showers |
| title_short |
Nanosecond-level time synchronization of autonomous radio detector stations for extensive air showers |
| title_full |
Nanosecond-level time synchronization of autonomous radio detector stations for extensive air showers |
| title_fullStr |
Nanosecond-level time synchronization of autonomous radio detector stations for extensive air showers |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Nanosecond-level time synchronization of autonomous radio detector stations for extensive air showers |
| title_sort |
nanosecond-level time synchronization of autonomous radio detector stations for extensive air showers |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_17480221_v11_n1_p_Multitudinario |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT multitudinario450 nanosecondleveltimesynchronizationofautonomousradiodetectorstationsforextensiveairshowers |
| _version_ |
1807322243250782208 |