Observation of Markarian 421 in TeV gamma rays over a 14-year time span

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The variability of the blazar Markarian 421 in TeV gamma rays over a 14-year time period has been explored with the Whipple 10 m telescope. It is shown that the dynamic range of its flux variations is large and similar to that in X-rays. A correlation between the X-ray and TeV energy bands is observ...

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Autores principales: Acciari, V.A., Arlen, T., Aune, T., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Bouvier, A., Bradbury, S.M., Buckley, J.H., Bugaev, V., De La Calle Perez, I., Carter-Lewis, D.A., Cesarini, A., Ciupik, L., Collins-Hughes, E., Connolly, M.P., Cui, W., Duke, C., Dumm, J., Falcone, A., Federici, S., Fegan, D.J., Fegan, S.J., Finley, J.P., Finnegan, G., Fortson, L., Gaidos, J., Galante, N., Gall, D., Gibbs, K., Gillanders, G.H., Griffin, S., Grube, J., Gyuk, G., Hanna, D., Horan, D., Humensky, T.B., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Khassen, Y., Kieda, D., Krawczynski, H., Krennrich, F., Lang, M.J., McEnery, J.E., Madhavan, A.S., Moriarty, P., Nelson, T., O'Faoláin De Bhróithe, A., Ong, R.A., Orr, M., Otte, A.N., Perkins, J.S., Petry, D., Pichel, A., Pohl, M., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, T., Roache, E., Rovero, A., Schroedter, M., Sembroski, G.H., Smith, A., Telezhinsky, I., Theiling, M., Toner, J., Tyler, J., Varlotta, A., Vivier, M., Wakely, S.P., Ward, J.E., Weekes, T.C., Weinstein, A., Welsing, R., Williams, D.A., Wissel, S.
Formato: JOUR
Materias:
AGN
Markarian 421
TeV gamma rays
Active galactic nuclei
Average flux
Dynamic range
Flux variation
Time-averaged
Time-periods
Gamma rays
Shellfish
Telescopes
Tellurium compounds
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_09276505_v54_n_p1_Acciari
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Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA) de Universidad de Buenos Aires
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spelling todo:paper_09276505_v54_n_p1_Acciari2023-10-03T15:47:02Z Observation of Markarian 421 in TeV gamma rays over a 14-year time span Acciari, V.A. Arlen, T. Aune, T. Benbow, W. Bird, R. Bouvier, A. Bradbury, S.M. Buckley, J.H. Bugaev, V. De La Calle Perez, I. Carter-Lewis, D.A. Cesarini, A. Ciupik, L. Collins-Hughes, E. Connolly, M.P. Cui, W. Duke, C. Dumm, J. Falcone, A. Federici, S. Fegan, D.J. Fegan, S.J. Finley, J.P. Finnegan, G. Fortson, L. Gaidos, J. Galante, N. Gall, D. Gibbs, K. Gillanders, G.H. Griffin, S. Grube, J. Gyuk, G. Hanna, D. Horan, D. Humensky, T.B. Kaaret, P. Kertzman, M. Khassen, Y. Kieda, D. Krawczynski, H. Krennrich, F. Lang, M.J. McEnery, J.E. Madhavan, A.S. Moriarty, P. Nelson, T. O'Faoláin De Bhróithe, A. Ong, R.A. Orr, M. Otte, A.N. Perkins, J.S. Petry, D. Pichel, A. Pohl, M. Quinn, J. Ragan, K. Reynolds, T. Roache, E. Rovero, A. Schroedter, M. Sembroski, G.H. Smith, A. Telezhinsky, I. Theiling, M. Toner, J. Tyler, J. Varlotta, A. Vivier, M. Wakely, S.P. Ward, J.E. Weekes, T.C. Weinstein, A. Welsing, R. Williams, D.A. Wissel, S. AGN Markarian 421 TeV gamma rays Active galactic nuclei AGN Average flux Dynamic range Flux variation Markarian 421 Time-averaged Time-periods Gamma rays Shellfish Telescopes Tellurium compounds The variability of the blazar Markarian 421 in TeV gamma rays over a 14-year time period has been explored with the Whipple 10 m telescope. It is shown that the dynamic range of its flux variations is large and similar to that in X-rays. A correlation between the X-ray and TeV energy bands is observed during some bright flares and when the complete data sets are binned on long timescales. The main database consists of 878.4 h of observation with the Whipple telescope, spread over 783 nights. The peak energy response of the telescope was 400 GeV with 20% uncertainty. This is the largest database of any TeV-emitting active galactic nucleus (AGN) and hence was used to explore the variability profile of Markarian 421. The time-averaged flux from Markarian 421 over this period was 0.446±0.008 Crab flux units. The flux exceeded 10 Crab flux units on three separate occasions. For the 2000-2001 season the average flux reached 1.86 Crab units, while in the 1996-1997 season the average flux was only 0.23 Crab units. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. JOUR info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_09276505_v54_n_p1_Acciari
institution Universidad de Buenos Aires
institution_str I-28
repository_str R-134
collection Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA)
topic AGN
Markarian 421
TeV gamma rays
Active galactic nuclei
AGN
Average flux
Dynamic range
Flux variation
Markarian 421
Time-averaged
Time-periods
Gamma rays
Shellfish
Telescopes
Tellurium compounds
spellingShingle AGN
Markarian 421
TeV gamma rays
Active galactic nuclei
AGN
Average flux
Dynamic range
Flux variation
Markarian 421
Time-averaged
Time-periods
Gamma rays
Shellfish
Telescopes
Tellurium compounds
Acciari, V.A.
Arlen, T.
Aune, T.
Benbow, W.
Bird, R.
Bouvier, A.
Bradbury, S.M.
Buckley, J.H.
Bugaev, V.
De La Calle Perez, I.
Carter-Lewis, D.A.
Cesarini, A.
Ciupik, L.
Collins-Hughes, E.
Connolly, M.P.
Cui, W.
Duke, C.
Dumm, J.
Falcone, A.
Federici, S.
Fegan, D.J.
Fegan, S.J.
Finley, J.P.
Finnegan, G.
Fortson, L.
Gaidos, J.
Galante, N.
Gall, D.
Gibbs, K.
Gillanders, G.H.
Griffin, S.
Grube, J.
Gyuk, G.
Hanna, D.
Horan, D.
Humensky, T.B.
Kaaret, P.
Kertzman, M.
Khassen, Y.
Kieda, D.
Krawczynski, H.
Krennrich, F.
Lang, M.J.
McEnery, J.E.
Madhavan, A.S.
Moriarty, P.
Nelson, T.
O'Faoláin De Bhróithe, A.
Ong, R.A.
Orr, M.
Otte, A.N.
Perkins, J.S.
Petry, D.
Pichel, A.
Pohl, M.
Quinn, J.
Ragan, K.
Reynolds, T.
Roache, E.
Rovero, A.
Schroedter, M.
Sembroski, G.H.
Smith, A.
Telezhinsky, I.
Theiling, M.
Toner, J.
Tyler, J.
Varlotta, A.
Vivier, M.
Wakely, S.P.
Ward, J.E.
Weekes, T.C.
Weinstein, A.
Welsing, R.
Williams, D.A.
Wissel, S.
Observation of Markarian 421 in TeV gamma rays over a 14-year time span
topic_facet AGN
Markarian 421
TeV gamma rays
Active galactic nuclei
AGN
Average flux
Dynamic range
Flux variation
Markarian 421
Time-averaged
Time-periods
Gamma rays
Shellfish
Telescopes
Tellurium compounds
description The variability of the blazar Markarian 421 in TeV gamma rays over a 14-year time period has been explored with the Whipple 10 m telescope. It is shown that the dynamic range of its flux variations is large and similar to that in X-rays. A correlation between the X-ray and TeV energy bands is observed during some bright flares and when the complete data sets are binned on long timescales. The main database consists of 878.4 h of observation with the Whipple telescope, spread over 783 nights. The peak energy response of the telescope was 400 GeV with 20% uncertainty. This is the largest database of any TeV-emitting active galactic nucleus (AGN) and hence was used to explore the variability profile of Markarian 421. The time-averaged flux from Markarian 421 over this period was 0.446±0.008 Crab flux units. The flux exceeded 10 Crab flux units on three separate occasions. For the 2000-2001 season the average flux reached 1.86 Crab units, while in the 1996-1997 season the average flux was only 0.23 Crab units. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
format JOUR
author Acciari, V.A.
Arlen, T.
Aune, T.
Benbow, W.
Bird, R.
Bouvier, A.
Bradbury, S.M.
Buckley, J.H.
Bugaev, V.
De La Calle Perez, I.
Carter-Lewis, D.A.
Cesarini, A.
Ciupik, L.
Collins-Hughes, E.
Connolly, M.P.
Cui, W.
Duke, C.
Dumm, J.
Falcone, A.
Federici, S.
Fegan, D.J.
Fegan, S.J.
Finley, J.P.
Finnegan, G.
Fortson, L.
Gaidos, J.
Galante, N.
Gall, D.
Gibbs, K.
Gillanders, G.H.
Griffin, S.
Grube, J.
Gyuk, G.
Hanna, D.
Horan, D.
Humensky, T.B.
Kaaret, P.
Kertzman, M.
Khassen, Y.
Kieda, D.
Krawczynski, H.
Krennrich, F.
Lang, M.J.
McEnery, J.E.
Madhavan, A.S.
Moriarty, P.
Nelson, T.
O'Faoláin De Bhróithe, A.
Ong, R.A.
Orr, M.
Otte, A.N.
Perkins, J.S.
Petry, D.
Pichel, A.
Pohl, M.
Quinn, J.
Ragan, K.
Reynolds, T.
Roache, E.
Rovero, A.
Schroedter, M.
Sembroski, G.H.
Smith, A.
Telezhinsky, I.
Theiling, M.
Toner, J.
Tyler, J.
Varlotta, A.
Vivier, M.
Wakely, S.P.
Ward, J.E.
Weekes, T.C.
Weinstein, A.
Welsing, R.
Williams, D.A.
Wissel, S.
author_facet Acciari, V.A.
Arlen, T.
Aune, T.
Benbow, W.
Bird, R.
Bouvier, A.
Bradbury, S.M.
Buckley, J.H.
Bugaev, V.
De La Calle Perez, I.
Carter-Lewis, D.A.
Cesarini, A.
Ciupik, L.
Collins-Hughes, E.
Connolly, M.P.
Cui, W.
Duke, C.
Dumm, J.
Falcone, A.
Federici, S.
Fegan, D.J.
Fegan, S.J.
Finley, J.P.
Finnegan, G.
Fortson, L.
Gaidos, J.
Galante, N.
Gall, D.
Gibbs, K.
Gillanders, G.H.
Griffin, S.
Grube, J.
Gyuk, G.
Hanna, D.
Horan, D.
Humensky, T.B.
Kaaret, P.
Kertzman, M.
Khassen, Y.
Kieda, D.
Krawczynski, H.
Krennrich, F.
Lang, M.J.
McEnery, J.E.
Madhavan, A.S.
Moriarty, P.
Nelson, T.
O'Faoláin De Bhróithe, A.
Ong, R.A.
Orr, M.
Otte, A.N.
Perkins, J.S.
Petry, D.
Pichel, A.
Pohl, M.
Quinn, J.
Ragan, K.
Reynolds, T.
Roache, E.
Rovero, A.
Schroedter, M.
Sembroski, G.H.
Smith, A.
Telezhinsky, I.
Theiling, M.
Toner, J.
Tyler, J.
Varlotta, A.
Vivier, M.
Wakely, S.P.
Ward, J.E.
Weekes, T.C.
Weinstein, A.
Welsing, R.
Williams, D.A.
Wissel, S.
author_sort Acciari, V.A.
title Observation of Markarian 421 in TeV gamma rays over a 14-year time span
title_short Observation of Markarian 421 in TeV gamma rays over a 14-year time span
title_full Observation of Markarian 421 in TeV gamma rays over a 14-year time span
title_fullStr Observation of Markarian 421 in TeV gamma rays over a 14-year time span
title_full_unstemmed Observation of Markarian 421 in TeV gamma rays over a 14-year time span
title_sort observation of markarian 421 in tev gamma rays over a 14-year time span
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_09276505_v54_n_p1_Acciari
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