The "dimer nucleophile mechanism" for reactions with rate-determining first step: Derivation of the whole kinetic law and further treatment of kinetic results
Overwhelming evidence has been previously reported for the existence of the so-called "dimer nucleophile mechanism" in aromatic nucleophilic substitutions by amines in aprotic solvents, for which the most prominent feature is the fourth-order kinetics (third order in amine) that has been o...
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todo:paper_05388066_v42_n12_p735_Alvaro2023-10-03T15:34:13Z The "dimer nucleophile mechanism" for reactions with rate-determining first step: Derivation of the whole kinetic law and further treatment of kinetic results Alvaro, C.E.S. Nudelman, N.S. Aprotic solvents Aromatic nucleophilic substitution Different substrates Dimer nucleophile mechanisms Dinitrochlorobenzene Experimental evidence Fourth-order Kinetic behavior Kinetic data Kinetic expression Kinetic law Prominent features Rate determining step Reaction conditions Reaction schemes Third order Organic compounds Toluene Nucleophiles Overwhelming evidence has been previously reported for the existence of the so-called "dimer nucleophile mechanism" in aromatic nucleophilic substitutions by amines in aprotic solvents, for which the most prominent feature is the fourth-order kinetics (third order in amine) that has been observed with many different substrate-nucleophile systems, especially those in which departure of the nucleofuge is the rate-determining step. The mechanism has been confirmed by several other features, although other alternative mechanisms were suggested to explain the fourth-order kinetics, no one has been able to explain the other above-mentioned features. The present paper affords additional experimental evidence and derivation of the kinetic expressions for reactions with good nucleofugues, where the first step is rate determining. The work involves studies of the reactions of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene with aniline and with alkyldiamines in toluene. The novelty of this work lies in the selection of substrate-nucleophile systems exhibiting kinetic behavior that allows estimations of the different k's involved. The satisfactory agreement between the quotients of k's calculated from sets of data obtained under different reaction conditions hereby reported indicates that the assumptions made are correct and that the whole treatment applied to the kinetic data is justified. All together, the results fit well with the reaction scheme involving the dimer nucleophile mechanism, adding new evidence to this mechanism that it is well established in the current literature. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. JOUR info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_05388066_v42_n12_p735_Alvaro |
| institution |
Universidad de Buenos Aires |
| institution_str |
I-28 |
| repository_str |
R-134 |
| collection |
Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA) |
| topic |
Aprotic solvents Aromatic nucleophilic substitution Different substrates Dimer nucleophile mechanisms Dinitrochlorobenzene Experimental evidence Fourth-order Kinetic behavior Kinetic data Kinetic expression Kinetic law Prominent features Rate determining step Reaction conditions Reaction schemes Third order Organic compounds Toluene Nucleophiles |
| spellingShingle |
Aprotic solvents Aromatic nucleophilic substitution Different substrates Dimer nucleophile mechanisms Dinitrochlorobenzene Experimental evidence Fourth-order Kinetic behavior Kinetic data Kinetic expression Kinetic law Prominent features Rate determining step Reaction conditions Reaction schemes Third order Organic compounds Toluene Nucleophiles Alvaro, C.E.S. Nudelman, N.S. The "dimer nucleophile mechanism" for reactions with rate-determining first step: Derivation of the whole kinetic law and further treatment of kinetic results |
| topic_facet |
Aprotic solvents Aromatic nucleophilic substitution Different substrates Dimer nucleophile mechanisms Dinitrochlorobenzene Experimental evidence Fourth-order Kinetic behavior Kinetic data Kinetic expression Kinetic law Prominent features Rate determining step Reaction conditions Reaction schemes Third order Organic compounds Toluene Nucleophiles |
| description |
Overwhelming evidence has been previously reported for the existence of the so-called "dimer nucleophile mechanism" in aromatic nucleophilic substitutions by amines in aprotic solvents, for which the most prominent feature is the fourth-order kinetics (third order in amine) that has been observed with many different substrate-nucleophile systems, especially those in which departure of the nucleofuge is the rate-determining step. The mechanism has been confirmed by several other features, although other alternative mechanisms were suggested to explain the fourth-order kinetics, no one has been able to explain the other above-mentioned features. The present paper affords additional experimental evidence and derivation of the kinetic expressions for reactions with good nucleofugues, where the first step is rate determining. The work involves studies of the reactions of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene with aniline and with alkyldiamines in toluene. The novelty of this work lies in the selection of substrate-nucleophile systems exhibiting kinetic behavior that allows estimations of the different k's involved. The satisfactory agreement between the quotients of k's calculated from sets of data obtained under different reaction conditions hereby reported indicates that the assumptions made are correct and that the whole treatment applied to the kinetic data is justified. All together, the results fit well with the reaction scheme involving the dimer nucleophile mechanism, adding new evidence to this mechanism that it is well established in the current literature. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. |
| format |
JOUR |
| author |
Alvaro, C.E.S. Nudelman, N.S. |
| author_facet |
Alvaro, C.E.S. Nudelman, N.S. |
| author_sort |
Alvaro, C.E.S. |
| title |
The "dimer nucleophile mechanism" for reactions with rate-determining first step: Derivation of the whole kinetic law and further treatment of kinetic results |
| title_short |
The "dimer nucleophile mechanism" for reactions with rate-determining first step: Derivation of the whole kinetic law and further treatment of kinetic results |
| title_full |
The "dimer nucleophile mechanism" for reactions with rate-determining first step: Derivation of the whole kinetic law and further treatment of kinetic results |
| title_fullStr |
The "dimer nucleophile mechanism" for reactions with rate-determining first step: Derivation of the whole kinetic law and further treatment of kinetic results |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The "dimer nucleophile mechanism" for reactions with rate-determining first step: Derivation of the whole kinetic law and further treatment of kinetic results |
| title_sort |
"dimer nucleophile mechanism" for reactions with rate-determining first step: derivation of the whole kinetic law and further treatment of kinetic results |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_05388066_v42_n12_p735_Alvaro |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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| _version_ |
1807321548524093440 |