Post-metamorphic development of skin glands in a true toad: Parotoids versus dorsal skin

Chemical defenses in amphibians are a common antipredatory and antimicrobial strategy related to the presence of dermal glands that synthesize and store toxic or unpalatable substances. Glands are either distributed throughout the skin or aggregated in multiglandular structures, being the parotoids...

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Autores principales: Regueira, E., Dávila, C., Sassone, A.G., O'Donohoe, M.E.A., Hermida, G.N.
Formato: JOUR
Materias:
Bufonidae
chemical defense
granular glands
Rhinella arenarum
anatomy and histology
animal
embryology
larva
metamorphosis
skin
Animals
Larva
Metamorphosis, Biological
Skin
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_03622525_v278_n5_p652_Regueira
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Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA) de Universidad de Buenos Aires
id todo:paper_03622525_v278_n5_p652_Regueira
record_format dspace
spelling todo:paper_03622525_v278_n5_p652_Regueira2023-10-03T15:26:57Z Post-metamorphic development of skin glands in a true toad: Parotoids versus dorsal skin Regueira, E. Dávila, C. Sassone, A.G. O'Donohoe, M.E.A. Hermida, G.N. Bufonidae chemical defense granular glands Rhinella arenarum anatomy and histology animal Bufonidae embryology larva metamorphosis skin Animals Bufonidae Larva Metamorphosis, Biological Skin Chemical defenses in amphibians are a common antipredatory and antimicrobial strategy related to the presence of dermal glands that synthesize and store toxic or unpalatable substances. Glands are either distributed throughout the skin or aggregated in multiglandular structures, being the parotoids the most ubiquitous macrogland in toads of Bufonidae. Even though dermal glands begin to develop during late-larval stages, many species, including Rhinella arenarum, have immature glands by the end of metamorphosis, and their post-metamorphic growth is unknown. Herein, we compared the post-metamorphic development of parotoids and dorsal glands by histological and allometric studies in a size series of R. arenarum. Histological and histochemical studies to detect proteins, acidic glycoconjugates, and catecholamines, showed that both, parotoids and dorsal glands, acquire characteristics of adults in individuals larger than 50 mm; that is, a moment in which the cryptic coloration disappears. Parotoid height increased allometrically as a function of body size, whereas the size of small dorsal glands decreased with body size. The number of glands in the dorsum was not linearly related to body size, appearing to be an individual characteristic. Only adult specimens had intraepithelial granular glands in the duct of the largest glands of the parotoids. Since toxic secretions accumulate in the central glands of parotoids, allometric growth of parotoids may translate into greater protection from predators in the largest animals. Conversely, large glands in the dorsum, which produce a proteinaceous secretion of unknown function, grow isometrically to body size. Some characteristics, like intraepithelial glands in the ducts and basophilic glands in the dorsum, are limited to adults. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Fil:Regueira, E. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Fil:Sassone, A.G. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Fil:Hermida, G.N. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. JOUR info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_03622525_v278_n5_p652_Regueira
institution Universidad de Buenos Aires
institution_str I-28
repository_str R-134
collection Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA)
topic Bufonidae
chemical defense
granular glands
Rhinella arenarum
anatomy and histology
animal
Bufonidae
embryology
larva
metamorphosis
skin
Animals
Bufonidae
Larva
Metamorphosis, Biological
Skin
spellingShingle Bufonidae
chemical defense
granular glands
Rhinella arenarum
anatomy and histology
animal
Bufonidae
embryology
larva
metamorphosis
skin
Animals
Bufonidae
Larva
Metamorphosis, Biological
Skin
Regueira, E.
Dávila, C.
Sassone, A.G.
O'Donohoe, M.E.A.
Hermida, G.N.
Post-metamorphic development of skin glands in a true toad: Parotoids versus dorsal skin
topic_facet Bufonidae
chemical defense
granular glands
Rhinella arenarum
anatomy and histology
animal
Bufonidae
embryology
larva
metamorphosis
skin
Animals
Bufonidae
Larva
Metamorphosis, Biological
Skin
description Chemical defenses in amphibians are a common antipredatory and antimicrobial strategy related to the presence of dermal glands that synthesize and store toxic or unpalatable substances. Glands are either distributed throughout the skin or aggregated in multiglandular structures, being the parotoids the most ubiquitous macrogland in toads of Bufonidae. Even though dermal glands begin to develop during late-larval stages, many species, including Rhinella arenarum, have immature glands by the end of metamorphosis, and their post-metamorphic growth is unknown. Herein, we compared the post-metamorphic development of parotoids and dorsal glands by histological and allometric studies in a size series of R. arenarum. Histological and histochemical studies to detect proteins, acidic glycoconjugates, and catecholamines, showed that both, parotoids and dorsal glands, acquire characteristics of adults in individuals larger than 50 mm; that is, a moment in which the cryptic coloration disappears. Parotoid height increased allometrically as a function of body size, whereas the size of small dorsal glands decreased with body size. The number of glands in the dorsum was not linearly related to body size, appearing to be an individual characteristic. Only adult specimens had intraepithelial granular glands in the duct of the largest glands of the parotoids. Since toxic secretions accumulate in the central glands of parotoids, allometric growth of parotoids may translate into greater protection from predators in the largest animals. Conversely, large glands in the dorsum, which produce a proteinaceous secretion of unknown function, grow isometrically to body size. Some characteristics, like intraepithelial glands in the ducts and basophilic glands in the dorsum, are limited to adults. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
format JOUR
author Regueira, E.
Dávila, C.
Sassone, A.G.
O'Donohoe, M.E.A.
Hermida, G.N.
author_facet Regueira, E.
Dávila, C.
Sassone, A.G.
O'Donohoe, M.E.A.
Hermida, G.N.
author_sort Regueira, E.
title Post-metamorphic development of skin glands in a true toad: Parotoids versus dorsal skin
title_short Post-metamorphic development of skin glands in a true toad: Parotoids versus dorsal skin
title_full Post-metamorphic development of skin glands in a true toad: Parotoids versus dorsal skin
title_fullStr Post-metamorphic development of skin glands in a true toad: Parotoids versus dorsal skin
title_full_unstemmed Post-metamorphic development of skin glands in a true toad: Parotoids versus dorsal skin
title_sort post-metamorphic development of skin glands in a true toad: parotoids versus dorsal skin
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_03622525_v278_n5_p652_Regueira
work_keys_str_mv AT regueirae postmetamorphicdevelopmentofskinglandsinatruetoadparotoidsversusdorsalskin
AT davilac postmetamorphicdevelopmentofskinglandsinatruetoadparotoidsversusdorsalskin
AT sassoneag postmetamorphicdevelopmentofskinglandsinatruetoadparotoidsversusdorsalskin
AT odonohoemea postmetamorphicdevelopmentofskinglandsinatruetoadparotoidsversusdorsalskin
AT hermidagn postmetamorphicdevelopmentofskinglandsinatruetoadparotoidsversusdorsalskin
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