The positive and negative learning process in Octopus vulgaris Lamarck. Influence of the vertical and median superior frontal lobes

1. A hypothesis for the function of the vertical and the median superior frontal lobes of Octopus vulgaris has been investigated, using new methods for analysing the attacks upon a prey (a crab or a figure). The advance of the animal towards its prey and the total time taken to attack have been divi...

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Autor principal: Maldonado, H.
Formato: JOUR
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_03407594_v51_n3_p185_Maldonado
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Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA) de Universidad de Buenos Aires
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spelling todo:paper_03407594_v51_n3_p185_Maldonado2023-10-03T15:26:11Z The positive and negative learning process in Octopus vulgaris Lamarck. Influence of the vertical and median superior frontal lobes Maldonado, H. 1. A hypothesis for the function of the vertical and the median superior frontal lobes of Octopus vulgaris has been investigated, using new methods for analysing the attacks upon a prey (a crab or a figure). The advance of the animal towards its prey and the total time taken to attack have been divided into three parts: a) when the animal leaves its home (first time delay, FTD). b) when it crosses the mid-way line (D1 time) and c) when it catches the prey (D2 time). 2. The animals were taught to attack one figure and also a crab attached to a bar (CAB) but to avoid another figure. After several days of training the animals underwent an operation. In one group of animals the vertical lobe was removed (NVL group), and in the other group the median superior frontal lobe (NMF group). 3. From the results obtained before operation some characteristic features of the performance of the normal octopus became apparent. The crab attached to a bar is a more positive complex than the positive figure and this superiority was not overcome during training. The performance with positive complexes (figures or crabs) is very "sensitive" to shocks received when the animals attacked negative complexes. A long positive training (without negative trials) led to a high general level of attack, irrespective of the complex presented. 4. After removal of either the vertical or the median superior frontal lobe the performance with the crab attached to a bar was impaired. The NVL group showed a better performance than the NMF group. The NVL group attacked more often and more quickly, with shorter FTD and D1 time and revealed a complete insensivity to punishment. No difference between the groups appeared either with the positive or the negative figure. The correlation between these results and the hypothesis on the function of the lobes put forward elsewhere is discussed. 5. Animals in which the subvertical or lateral superior frontal lobes were damaged during the operation did not attack any complex. They were able to take a prey when placed between their arms or extremely close to their home. 6. The distance home-goal has been shown to be a very important factor in eliciting an attack. Reduction of this distance seems to be good method to reveal a real content of memory that would otherwise remain masked. Further studies on the way in which this parameter influences the attack are necessary. © 1965 Springer-Verlag. JOUR info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_03407594_v51_n3_p185_Maldonado
institution Universidad de Buenos Aires
institution_str I-28
repository_str R-134
collection Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA)
description 1. A hypothesis for the function of the vertical and the median superior frontal lobes of Octopus vulgaris has been investigated, using new methods for analysing the attacks upon a prey (a crab or a figure). The advance of the animal towards its prey and the total time taken to attack have been divided into three parts: a) when the animal leaves its home (first time delay, FTD). b) when it crosses the mid-way line (D1 time) and c) when it catches the prey (D2 time). 2. The animals were taught to attack one figure and also a crab attached to a bar (CAB) but to avoid another figure. After several days of training the animals underwent an operation. In one group of animals the vertical lobe was removed (NVL group), and in the other group the median superior frontal lobe (NMF group). 3. From the results obtained before operation some characteristic features of the performance of the normal octopus became apparent. The crab attached to a bar is a more positive complex than the positive figure and this superiority was not overcome during training. The performance with positive complexes (figures or crabs) is very "sensitive" to shocks received when the animals attacked negative complexes. A long positive training (without negative trials) led to a high general level of attack, irrespective of the complex presented. 4. After removal of either the vertical or the median superior frontal lobe the performance with the crab attached to a bar was impaired. The NVL group showed a better performance than the NMF group. The NVL group attacked more often and more quickly, with shorter FTD and D1 time and revealed a complete insensivity to punishment. No difference between the groups appeared either with the positive or the negative figure. The correlation between these results and the hypothesis on the function of the lobes put forward elsewhere is discussed. 5. Animals in which the subvertical or lateral superior frontal lobes were damaged during the operation did not attack any complex. They were able to take a prey when placed between their arms or extremely close to their home. 6. The distance home-goal has been shown to be a very important factor in eliciting an attack. Reduction of this distance seems to be good method to reveal a real content of memory that would otherwise remain masked. Further studies on the way in which this parameter influences the attack are necessary. © 1965 Springer-Verlag.
format JOUR
author Maldonado, H.
spellingShingle Maldonado, H.
The positive and negative learning process in Octopus vulgaris Lamarck. Influence of the vertical and median superior frontal lobes
author_facet Maldonado, H.
author_sort Maldonado, H.
title The positive and negative learning process in Octopus vulgaris Lamarck. Influence of the vertical and median superior frontal lobes
title_short The positive and negative learning process in Octopus vulgaris Lamarck. Influence of the vertical and median superior frontal lobes
title_full The positive and negative learning process in Octopus vulgaris Lamarck. Influence of the vertical and median superior frontal lobes
title_fullStr The positive and negative learning process in Octopus vulgaris Lamarck. Influence of the vertical and median superior frontal lobes
title_full_unstemmed The positive and negative learning process in Octopus vulgaris Lamarck. Influence of the vertical and median superior frontal lobes
title_sort positive and negative learning process in octopus vulgaris lamarck. influence of the vertical and median superior frontal lobes
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_03407594_v51_n3_p185_Maldonado
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AT maldonadoh positiveandnegativelearningprocessinoctopusvulgarislamarckinfluenceoftheverticalandmediansuperiorfrontallobes
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