The sympathetic superior cervical ganglia as peripheral neuroendocrine centers
The superior cervical ganglia (SCG) provide sympathetic innervation to the pineal gland, cephalic blood vessels, the choroid plexus, the eye, carotid body and the salivary and thyroid glands. Removal of the ganglia brings about several neuroendocrine changes in mammals, including the disruption of w...
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todo:paper_03009564_v52_n1-2_p1_Cardinali2023-10-03T15:18:03Z The sympathetic superior cervical ganglia as peripheral neuroendocrine centers Cardinali, D.P. Vacas, M.I. Gejman, P.V. neuroendocrine mechanisms Peripheral sympathetic nervous system pineal gland steroid receptors superior cervical ganglion estradiol levodopa progesterone thiamazole water animal experiment autonomic nervous system carotid body central nervous system choroid plexus endocrine system hypothalamus neuroendocrine system neuroendocrinology noradrenalin h 3 photoperiodicity pineal body reproduction review superior cervical ganglion testosterone h 3 Animal Brain Carotid Body Cerebrovascular Circulation Choroid Plexus Eye Female Ganglia, Sympathetic Hormones Hypothalamus Male Pineal Gland Prolactin Rats Salivary Glands Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Thyroid Gland The superior cervical ganglia (SCG) provide sympathetic innervation to the pineal gland, cephalic blood vessels, the choroid plexus, the eye, carotid body and the salivary and thyroid glands. Removal of the ganglia brings about several neuroendocrine changes in mammals, including the disruption of water balance in pituitary stalk-sectioned rats, and the alteration of normal photoperiodic control of reproduction in hamsters, ferrets, voles, rams and goats. These effects are commonly attributed to pineal denervation. However pinealectomy does not always mimic ganglionectomy in its neuroendocrine sequelae. This paper discusses several examples illustrating the lack of homology of ganglia and pineal removal, including the prolactin release brought about by gonadal steroids in spayed rats, the changes in drinking behaviour caused by ganglionectomy and the control of goitrogenic response to methylmercaptoimidazole in rats. All these examples indicate that SCG removal, at least as far as for neuroendocrinologists and pineal experimenters are concerned, should not be considered simply as "pineal denervation". A functionally relevant link between SCG and the hypothalamus may occur in rats inasmuch as ganglionectomy depresses norepinephrine uptake and increases the number and responses af α-adrenoceptors in medial basal hypothalamus. Lastly the SCG are active points of concurrency for hormone signals, as revealed by the metabolic changes induced by steroid and anterior pituitary hormones in these structures even in the absence of intact preganglionic connections, as well as by the existence of putative receptors for some of the hormones, namely, estradiol, testosterone and corticosteroids. The SCG appear to constitute a peripheral neuroendocrine center. © 1981 Springer-Verlag. JOUR info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_03009564_v52_n1-2_p1_Cardinali |
| institution |
Universidad de Buenos Aires |
| institution_str |
I-28 |
| repository_str |
R-134 |
| collection |
Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA) |
| topic |
neuroendocrine mechanisms Peripheral sympathetic nervous system pineal gland steroid receptors superior cervical ganglion estradiol levodopa progesterone thiamazole water animal experiment autonomic nervous system carotid body central nervous system choroid plexus endocrine system hypothalamus neuroendocrine system neuroendocrinology noradrenalin h 3 photoperiodicity pineal body reproduction review superior cervical ganglion testosterone h 3 Animal Brain Carotid Body Cerebrovascular Circulation Choroid Plexus Eye Female Ganglia, Sympathetic Hormones Hypothalamus Male Pineal Gland Prolactin Rats Salivary Glands Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Thyroid Gland |
| spellingShingle |
neuroendocrine mechanisms Peripheral sympathetic nervous system pineal gland steroid receptors superior cervical ganglion estradiol levodopa progesterone thiamazole water animal experiment autonomic nervous system carotid body central nervous system choroid plexus endocrine system hypothalamus neuroendocrine system neuroendocrinology noradrenalin h 3 photoperiodicity pineal body reproduction review superior cervical ganglion testosterone h 3 Animal Brain Carotid Body Cerebrovascular Circulation Choroid Plexus Eye Female Ganglia, Sympathetic Hormones Hypothalamus Male Pineal Gland Prolactin Rats Salivary Glands Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Thyroid Gland Cardinali, D.P. Vacas, M.I. Gejman, P.V. The sympathetic superior cervical ganglia as peripheral neuroendocrine centers |
| topic_facet |
neuroendocrine mechanisms Peripheral sympathetic nervous system pineal gland steroid receptors superior cervical ganglion estradiol levodopa progesterone thiamazole water animal experiment autonomic nervous system carotid body central nervous system choroid plexus endocrine system hypothalamus neuroendocrine system neuroendocrinology noradrenalin h 3 photoperiodicity pineal body reproduction review superior cervical ganglion testosterone h 3 Animal Brain Carotid Body Cerebrovascular Circulation Choroid Plexus Eye Female Ganglia, Sympathetic Hormones Hypothalamus Male Pineal Gland Prolactin Rats Salivary Glands Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Thyroid Gland |
| description |
The superior cervical ganglia (SCG) provide sympathetic innervation to the pineal gland, cephalic blood vessels, the choroid plexus, the eye, carotid body and the salivary and thyroid glands. Removal of the ganglia brings about several neuroendocrine changes in mammals, including the disruption of water balance in pituitary stalk-sectioned rats, and the alteration of normal photoperiodic control of reproduction in hamsters, ferrets, voles, rams and goats. These effects are commonly attributed to pineal denervation. However pinealectomy does not always mimic ganglionectomy in its neuroendocrine sequelae. This paper discusses several examples illustrating the lack of homology of ganglia and pineal removal, including the prolactin release brought about by gonadal steroids in spayed rats, the changes in drinking behaviour caused by ganglionectomy and the control of goitrogenic response to methylmercaptoimidazole in rats. All these examples indicate that SCG removal, at least as far as for neuroendocrinologists and pineal experimenters are concerned, should not be considered simply as "pineal denervation". A functionally relevant link between SCG and the hypothalamus may occur in rats inasmuch as ganglionectomy depresses norepinephrine uptake and increases the number and responses af α-adrenoceptors in medial basal hypothalamus. Lastly the SCG are active points of concurrency for hormone signals, as revealed by the metabolic changes induced by steroid and anterior pituitary hormones in these structures even in the absence of intact preganglionic connections, as well as by the existence of putative receptors for some of the hormones, namely, estradiol, testosterone and corticosteroids. The SCG appear to constitute a peripheral neuroendocrine center. © 1981 Springer-Verlag. |
| format |
JOUR |
| author |
Cardinali, D.P. Vacas, M.I. Gejman, P.V. |
| author_facet |
Cardinali, D.P. Vacas, M.I. Gejman, P.V. |
| author_sort |
Cardinali, D.P. |
| title |
The sympathetic superior cervical ganglia as peripheral neuroendocrine centers |
| title_short |
The sympathetic superior cervical ganglia as peripheral neuroendocrine centers |
| title_full |
The sympathetic superior cervical ganglia as peripheral neuroendocrine centers |
| title_fullStr |
The sympathetic superior cervical ganglia as peripheral neuroendocrine centers |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The sympathetic superior cervical ganglia as peripheral neuroendocrine centers |
| title_sort |
sympathetic superior cervical ganglia as peripheral neuroendocrine centers |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_03009564_v52_n1-2_p1_Cardinali |
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1807318395797897216 |