Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO 3
As silicon is the basis of conventional electronics, so strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is the foundation of the emerging field of oxide electronics1,2. SrTiO3 is the preferred template for the creation of exotic, two-dimensional (2D) phases of electron matter at oxide interfaces3-5 that have metalg-ins...
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todo:paper_00280836_v469_n7329_p189_SantanderSyro2023-10-03T14:38:34Z Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO 3 Santander-Syro, A.F. Copie, O. Kondo, T. Fortuna, F. Pailhés, S. Weht, R. Qiu, X.G. Bertran, F. Nicolaou, A. Taleb-Ibrahimi, A. Le F́vre, P. Herranz, G. Bibes, M. Reyren, N. Apertet, Y. Lecoeur, P. Barthélémy, A. Rozenberg, M.J. metal oxide strontium titanium dioxide electron gas insulation numerical model oxide silicon spectroscopy two-dimensional modeling article conductance electron electronics energy gas priority journal spectroscopy superconductor As silicon is the basis of conventional electronics, so strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is the foundation of the emerging field of oxide electronics1,2. SrTiO3 is the preferred template for the creation of exotic, two-dimensional (2D) phases of electron matter at oxide interfaces3-5 that have metalg-insulator transitions6,7, superconductivity8,9 or large negative magnetoresistance 10. However, the physical nature of the electronic structure underlying these 2D electron gases (2DEGs), which is crucial to understanding their remarkable properties11,12, remains elusive. Here we show, using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, that there is a highly metallic universal 2DEG at the vacuum-cleaved surface of SrTiO3 (including the non-doped insulating material) independently of bulk carrier densities over more than seven decades. This 2DEG is confined within a region of about five unit cells and has a sheet carrier density of ∼0.33 electrons per square lattice parameter. The electronic structure consists of multiple subbands of heavy and light electrons. The similarity of this 2DEG to those reported in SrTiO3-based heterostructures and field-effect transistors suggests that different forms of electron confinement at the surface of SrTiO3 lead to essentially the same 2DEG. Our discovery provides a model system for the study of the electronic structure of 2DEGs in SrTiO3-based devices and a novel means of generating 2DEGs at the surfaces of transition-metal oxides. © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. Fil:Weht, R. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Fil:Rozenberg, M.J. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. JOUR info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_00280836_v469_n7329_p189_SantanderSyro |
| institution |
Universidad de Buenos Aires |
| institution_str |
I-28 |
| repository_str |
R-134 |
| collection |
Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA) |
| topic |
metal oxide strontium titanium dioxide electron gas insulation numerical model oxide silicon spectroscopy two-dimensional modeling article conductance electron electronics energy gas priority journal spectroscopy superconductor |
| spellingShingle |
metal oxide strontium titanium dioxide electron gas insulation numerical model oxide silicon spectroscopy two-dimensional modeling article conductance electron electronics energy gas priority journal spectroscopy superconductor Santander-Syro, A.F. Copie, O. Kondo, T. Fortuna, F. Pailhés, S. Weht, R. Qiu, X.G. Bertran, F. Nicolaou, A. Taleb-Ibrahimi, A. Le F́vre, P. Herranz, G. Bibes, M. Reyren, N. Apertet, Y. Lecoeur, P. Barthélémy, A. Rozenberg, M.J. Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO 3 |
| topic_facet |
metal oxide strontium titanium dioxide electron gas insulation numerical model oxide silicon spectroscopy two-dimensional modeling article conductance electron electronics energy gas priority journal spectroscopy superconductor |
| description |
As silicon is the basis of conventional electronics, so strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is the foundation of the emerging field of oxide electronics1,2. SrTiO3 is the preferred template for the creation of exotic, two-dimensional (2D) phases of electron matter at oxide interfaces3-5 that have metalg-insulator transitions6,7, superconductivity8,9 or large negative magnetoresistance 10. However, the physical nature of the electronic structure underlying these 2D electron gases (2DEGs), which is crucial to understanding their remarkable properties11,12, remains elusive. Here we show, using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, that there is a highly metallic universal 2DEG at the vacuum-cleaved surface of SrTiO3 (including the non-doped insulating material) independently of bulk carrier densities over more than seven decades. This 2DEG is confined within a region of about five unit cells and has a sheet carrier density of ∼0.33 electrons per square lattice parameter. The electronic structure consists of multiple subbands of heavy and light electrons. The similarity of this 2DEG to those reported in SrTiO3-based heterostructures and field-effect transistors suggests that different forms of electron confinement at the surface of SrTiO3 lead to essentially the same 2DEG. Our discovery provides a model system for the study of the electronic structure of 2DEGs in SrTiO3-based devices and a novel means of generating 2DEGs at the surfaces of transition-metal oxides. © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. |
| format |
JOUR |
| author |
Santander-Syro, A.F. Copie, O. Kondo, T. Fortuna, F. Pailhés, S. Weht, R. Qiu, X.G. Bertran, F. Nicolaou, A. Taleb-Ibrahimi, A. Le F́vre, P. Herranz, G. Bibes, M. Reyren, N. Apertet, Y. Lecoeur, P. Barthélémy, A. Rozenberg, M.J. |
| author_facet |
Santander-Syro, A.F. Copie, O. Kondo, T. Fortuna, F. Pailhés, S. Weht, R. Qiu, X.G. Bertran, F. Nicolaou, A. Taleb-Ibrahimi, A. Le F́vre, P. Herranz, G. Bibes, M. Reyren, N. Apertet, Y. Lecoeur, P. Barthélémy, A. Rozenberg, M.J. |
| author_sort |
Santander-Syro, A.F. |
| title |
Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO 3 |
| title_short |
Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO 3 |
| title_full |
Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO 3 |
| title_fullStr |
Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO 3 |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO 3 |
| title_sort |
two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of srtio 3 |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_00280836_v469_n7329_p189_SantanderSyro |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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