Comparative brain morphology of Neotropical parrots (Aves, Psittaciformes) inferred from virtual 3D endocasts
Psittaciformes are a very diverse group of non-passerine birds, with advanced cognitive abilities and highly developed locomotor and feeding behaviours. Using computed tomography and three-dimensional (3D) visualization software, the endocasts of 14 extant Neotropical parrots were reconstructed, wit...
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todo:paper_00218782_v229_n2_p239_Carril2023-10-03T14:21:45Z Comparative brain morphology of Neotropical parrots (Aves, Psittaciformes) inferred from virtual 3D endocasts Carril, J. Tambussi, C.P. Degrange, F.J. Benitez Saldivar, M.J. Picasso, M.B.J. 3D brain reconstructions Aves character mapping endocranial morphology geometric morphometrics adult animal tissue Article body mass brain region brain size character state comparative anatomy computer assisted tomography diencephalon imaging software mesencephalon metencephalon morphological trait morphology myelencephalon Neotropics neuroanatomy nonhuman parrot phylogeny priority journal psittacine telencephalon three dimensional imaging virtual reality Psittaciformes are a very diverse group of non-passerine birds, with advanced cognitive abilities and highly developed locomotor and feeding behaviours. Using computed tomography and three-dimensional (3D) visualization software, the endocasts of 14 extant Neotropical parrots were reconstructed, with the aim of analysing, comparing and exploring the morphology of the brain within the clade. A 3D geomorphometric analysis was performed, and the encephalization quotient (EQ) was calculated. Brain morphology character states were traced onto a Psittaciformes tree in order to facilitate interpretation of morphological traits in a phylogenetic context. Our results indicate that: (i) there are two conspicuously distinct brain morphologies, one considered walnut type (quadrangular and wider than long) and the other rounded (narrower and rostrally tapered); (ii) Psittaciformes possess a noticeable notch between hemisphaeria that divides the bulbus olfactorius; (iii) the plesiomorphic and most frequently observed characteristics of Neotropical parrots are a rostrally tapered telencephalon in dorsal view, distinctly enlarged dorsal expansion of the eminentia sagittalis and conspicuous fissura mediana; (iv) there is a positive correlation between body mass and brain volume; (v) psittacids are characterized by high EQ values that suggest high brain volumes in relation to their body masses; and (vi) the endocranial morphology of the Psittaciformes as a whole is distinctive relative to other birds. This new knowledge of brain morphology offers much potential for further insight in paleoneurological, phylogenetic and evolutionary studies. © 2015 Anatomical Society JOUR info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_00218782_v229_n2_p239_Carril |
| institution |
Universidad de Buenos Aires |
| institution_str |
I-28 |
| repository_str |
R-134 |
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Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA) |
| topic |
3D brain reconstructions Aves character mapping endocranial morphology geometric morphometrics adult animal tissue Article body mass brain region brain size character state comparative anatomy computer assisted tomography diencephalon imaging software mesencephalon metencephalon morphological trait morphology myelencephalon Neotropics neuroanatomy nonhuman parrot phylogeny priority journal psittacine telencephalon three dimensional imaging virtual reality |
| spellingShingle |
3D brain reconstructions Aves character mapping endocranial morphology geometric morphometrics adult animal tissue Article body mass brain region brain size character state comparative anatomy computer assisted tomography diencephalon imaging software mesencephalon metencephalon morphological trait morphology myelencephalon Neotropics neuroanatomy nonhuman parrot phylogeny priority journal psittacine telencephalon three dimensional imaging virtual reality Carril, J. Tambussi, C.P. Degrange, F.J. Benitez Saldivar, M.J. Picasso, M.B.J. Comparative brain morphology of Neotropical parrots (Aves, Psittaciformes) inferred from virtual 3D endocasts |
| topic_facet |
3D brain reconstructions Aves character mapping endocranial morphology geometric morphometrics adult animal tissue Article body mass brain region brain size character state comparative anatomy computer assisted tomography diencephalon imaging software mesencephalon metencephalon morphological trait morphology myelencephalon Neotropics neuroanatomy nonhuman parrot phylogeny priority journal psittacine telencephalon three dimensional imaging virtual reality |
| description |
Psittaciformes are a very diverse group of non-passerine birds, with advanced cognitive abilities and highly developed locomotor and feeding behaviours. Using computed tomography and three-dimensional (3D) visualization software, the endocasts of 14 extant Neotropical parrots were reconstructed, with the aim of analysing, comparing and exploring the morphology of the brain within the clade. A 3D geomorphometric analysis was performed, and the encephalization quotient (EQ) was calculated. Brain morphology character states were traced onto a Psittaciformes tree in order to facilitate interpretation of morphological traits in a phylogenetic context. Our results indicate that: (i) there are two conspicuously distinct brain morphologies, one considered walnut type (quadrangular and wider than long) and the other rounded (narrower and rostrally tapered); (ii) Psittaciformes possess a noticeable notch between hemisphaeria that divides the bulbus olfactorius; (iii) the plesiomorphic and most frequently observed characteristics of Neotropical parrots are a rostrally tapered telencephalon in dorsal view, distinctly enlarged dorsal expansion of the eminentia sagittalis and conspicuous fissura mediana; (iv) there is a positive correlation between body mass and brain volume; (v) psittacids are characterized by high EQ values that suggest high brain volumes in relation to their body masses; and (vi) the endocranial morphology of the Psittaciformes as a whole is distinctive relative to other birds. This new knowledge of brain morphology offers much potential for further insight in paleoneurological, phylogenetic and evolutionary studies. © 2015 Anatomical Society |
| format |
JOUR |
| author |
Carril, J. Tambussi, C.P. Degrange, F.J. Benitez Saldivar, M.J. Picasso, M.B.J. |
| author_facet |
Carril, J. Tambussi, C.P. Degrange, F.J. Benitez Saldivar, M.J. Picasso, M.B.J. |
| author_sort |
Carril, J. |
| title |
Comparative brain morphology of Neotropical parrots (Aves, Psittaciformes) inferred from virtual 3D endocasts |
| title_short |
Comparative brain morphology of Neotropical parrots (Aves, Psittaciformes) inferred from virtual 3D endocasts |
| title_full |
Comparative brain morphology of Neotropical parrots (Aves, Psittaciformes) inferred from virtual 3D endocasts |
| title_fullStr |
Comparative brain morphology of Neotropical parrots (Aves, Psittaciformes) inferred from virtual 3D endocasts |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Comparative brain morphology of Neotropical parrots (Aves, Psittaciformes) inferred from virtual 3D endocasts |
| title_sort |
comparative brain morphology of neotropical parrots (aves, psittaciformes) inferred from virtual 3d endocasts |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_00218782_v229_n2_p239_Carril |
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