Genetic diversity of maize landraces from lowland and highland agro-ecosystems of Southern South America: Implications for the conservation of native resources

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The North of Argentina is one of the southernmost areas of maize landrace cultivation. Two distinct centres of diversity have been distinguished within this region: Northwestern Argentina (NWA), and Northeastern Argentina (NEA). Nowadays, maize landraces from this area are faced with two main risks....

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Autores principales: Bracco, M., Lia, V.V., Hernández, J.C., Poggio, L., Gottlieb, A.M.
Formato: JOUR
Materias:
Conservation genetics
maize landraces
microsatellites
Northern Argentina
agricultural ecosystem
agricultural land
Bayesian analysis
cluster analysis
conservation genetics
cultivar
environmental change
functional change
genetic marker
genetic resource
genetic variation
germplasm
lowland environment
maize
native species
population structure
relatedness
resource management
species conservation
species pool
upland region
Argentina
South America
Zea mays
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_00034746_v160_n3_p308_Bracco
Aporte de:
Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA) de Universidad de Buenos Aires
id todo:paper_00034746_v160_n3_p308_Bracco
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spelling todo:paper_00034746_v160_n3_p308_Bracco2023-10-03T13:56:22Z Genetic diversity of maize landraces from lowland and highland agro-ecosystems of Southern South America: Implications for the conservation of native resources Bracco, M. Lia, V.V. Hernández, J.C. Poggio, L. Gottlieb, A.M. Conservation genetics maize landraces microsatellites Northern Argentina agricultural ecosystem agricultural land Bayesian analysis cluster analysis conservation genetics cultivar environmental change functional change genetic marker genetic resource genetic variation germplasm lowland environment maize native species population structure relatedness resource management species conservation species pool upland region Argentina South America Zea mays The North of Argentina is one of the southernmost areas of maize landrace cultivation. Two distinct centres of diversity have been distinguished within this region: Northwestern Argentina (NWA), and Northeastern Argentina (NEA). Nowadays, maize landraces from this area are faced with two main risks. On the one hand, significant structural and functional changes have modified the rural environment with the boundaries of cropland areas experiencing a rapid expansion at the expense of northern natural forests and rangelands; and on the other, native gene pools are increasingly threatened by hybrids and commercial varieties which are more attractive relative to landraces. The first step towards any conservational action is the acquisition of an inclusive knowledge of the biological resources. For this purpose, our study assesses the genetic diversity and population dynamics of maize landraces from Northern Argentina using microsatellite markers. The Northeastern lowland region (NEA) was represented by 12 landraces (19 populations). In addition, six landraces (eight populations) from the Northwestern highland region (NWA) were used for comparison. For the NEA data set, a total of 126 alleles were found, with an average of 10.5 alleles per locus. Mean H o, H e and R s were 0.350, 0.467 and 2.72, respectively. Global fit to Hardy-Weinberg proportions was observed in 7 of 19 populations. Global estimates of F ST revealed significant differentiation among populations. Bayesian analyses of population structure allowed the recognition of two main gene pools (popcorns versus floury landraces). When NWA was added to the analysis, three clusters were distinguished: NEA popcorns, NEA flours and NWA racial complexes. Additional information on the relationships among these groups was retrieved from cluster analyses. This study shows that lowland landraces from Northern Argentina harbour considerable levels of genetic diversity, with contributions from different gene pools. Further studies encompassing a larger number of populations from the NEA region will certainly help to detect additional genetic variation, which may prove highly valuable in germplasm conservation and management. Future conservation efforts should focus on preserving NEA popcorns, NEA floury and NWA racial complexes as different management units. © 2012 Association of Applied Biologists. Fil:Bracco, M. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Fil:Lia, V.V. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Fil:Poggio, L. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Fil:Gottlieb, A.M. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. JOUR info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_00034746_v160_n3_p308_Bracco
institution Universidad de Buenos Aires
institution_str I-28
repository_str R-134
collection Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA)
topic Conservation genetics
maize landraces
microsatellites
Northern Argentina
agricultural ecosystem
agricultural land
Bayesian analysis
cluster analysis
conservation genetics
cultivar
environmental change
functional change
genetic marker
genetic resource
genetic variation
germplasm
lowland environment
maize
native species
population structure
relatedness
resource management
species conservation
species pool
upland region
Argentina
South America
Zea mays
spellingShingle Conservation genetics
maize landraces
microsatellites
Northern Argentina
agricultural ecosystem
agricultural land
Bayesian analysis
cluster analysis
conservation genetics
cultivar
environmental change
functional change
genetic marker
genetic resource
genetic variation
germplasm
lowland environment
maize
native species
population structure
relatedness
resource management
species conservation
species pool
upland region
Argentina
South America
Zea mays
Bracco, M.
Lia, V.V.
Hernández, J.C.
Poggio, L.
Gottlieb, A.M.
Genetic diversity of maize landraces from lowland and highland agro-ecosystems of Southern South America: Implications for the conservation of native resources
topic_facet Conservation genetics
maize landraces
microsatellites
Northern Argentina
agricultural ecosystem
agricultural land
Bayesian analysis
cluster analysis
conservation genetics
cultivar
environmental change
functional change
genetic marker
genetic resource
genetic variation
germplasm
lowland environment
maize
native species
population structure
relatedness
resource management
species conservation
species pool
upland region
Argentina
South America
Zea mays
description The North of Argentina is one of the southernmost areas of maize landrace cultivation. Two distinct centres of diversity have been distinguished within this region: Northwestern Argentina (NWA), and Northeastern Argentina (NEA). Nowadays, maize landraces from this area are faced with two main risks. On the one hand, significant structural and functional changes have modified the rural environment with the boundaries of cropland areas experiencing a rapid expansion at the expense of northern natural forests and rangelands; and on the other, native gene pools are increasingly threatened by hybrids and commercial varieties which are more attractive relative to landraces. The first step towards any conservational action is the acquisition of an inclusive knowledge of the biological resources. For this purpose, our study assesses the genetic diversity and population dynamics of maize landraces from Northern Argentina using microsatellite markers. The Northeastern lowland region (NEA) was represented by 12 landraces (19 populations). In addition, six landraces (eight populations) from the Northwestern highland region (NWA) were used for comparison. For the NEA data set, a total of 126 alleles were found, with an average of 10.5 alleles per locus. Mean H o, H e and R s were 0.350, 0.467 and 2.72, respectively. Global fit to Hardy-Weinberg proportions was observed in 7 of 19 populations. Global estimates of F ST revealed significant differentiation among populations. Bayesian analyses of population structure allowed the recognition of two main gene pools (popcorns versus floury landraces). When NWA was added to the analysis, three clusters were distinguished: NEA popcorns, NEA flours and NWA racial complexes. Additional information on the relationships among these groups was retrieved from cluster analyses. This study shows that lowland landraces from Northern Argentina harbour considerable levels of genetic diversity, with contributions from different gene pools. Further studies encompassing a larger number of populations from the NEA region will certainly help to detect additional genetic variation, which may prove highly valuable in germplasm conservation and management. Future conservation efforts should focus on preserving NEA popcorns, NEA floury and NWA racial complexes as different management units. © 2012 Association of Applied Biologists.
format JOUR
author Bracco, M.
Lia, V.V.
Hernández, J.C.
Poggio, L.
Gottlieb, A.M.
author_facet Bracco, M.
Lia, V.V.
Hernández, J.C.
Poggio, L.
Gottlieb, A.M.
author_sort Bracco, M.
title Genetic diversity of maize landraces from lowland and highland agro-ecosystems of Southern South America: Implications for the conservation of native resources
title_short Genetic diversity of maize landraces from lowland and highland agro-ecosystems of Southern South America: Implications for the conservation of native resources
title_full Genetic diversity of maize landraces from lowland and highland agro-ecosystems of Southern South America: Implications for the conservation of native resources
title_fullStr Genetic diversity of maize landraces from lowland and highland agro-ecosystems of Southern South America: Implications for the conservation of native resources
title_full_unstemmed Genetic diversity of maize landraces from lowland and highland agro-ecosystems of Southern South America: Implications for the conservation of native resources
title_sort genetic diversity of maize landraces from lowland and highland agro-ecosystems of southern south america: implications for the conservation of native resources
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_00034746_v160_n3_p308_Bracco
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