Efficacy of albendazole in combination with thymol against Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces and metacestodes
The larval (metacestode) stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis causes alveolar echinococcosis (AE), a mainly hepatic disease characterized by continuous asexual proliferation of metacestodes by exogenous budding, resulting in the tumor-like, infiltrative growth of the parasite lesion. Cu...
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todo:paper_0001706X_v140_n_p61_Maria2023-10-03T13:51:40Z Efficacy of albendazole in combination with thymol against Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces and metacestodes María, A.C. Celina, E.M. Albendazole Chemotherapy Echinococcus multilocularis Metacestodes Protoscoleces Thymol albendazole gamma glutamyltransferase thymol albendazole anthelmintic agent thymol albendazole thymol chemotherapy disease treatment drug echinococcosis enzyme essential oil flatworm enzyme activity larval development vegetative propagation antimicrobial activity article cestode life cycle stage controlled study cytotoxicity drug efficacy Echinococcus multilocularis enzyme activity enzyme assay larval stage membrane damage metacestode microscopy morphology nonhuman parasite viability protoscoleces scanning electron microscopy animal drug combination drug effects Echinococcosis, Hepatic Echinococcus multilocularis inbred mouse strain larva mouse Article cestode life cycle stage metacestode protoscolece Albendazole Animals Anthelmintics Drug Therapy, Combination Echinococcosis, Hepatic Echinococcus multilocularis Larva Mice Mice, Inbred Strains Thymol Echinococcus multilocularis The larval (metacestode) stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis causes alveolar echinococcosis (AE), a mainly hepatic disease characterized by continuous asexual proliferation of metacestodes by exogenous budding, resulting in the tumor-like, infiltrative growth of the parasite lesion. Current chemotherapeutical treatment of AE relies on the use of benzimidazoles, albendazole (ABZ) and mebendazole, but these drugs act parasitostatic rather than parasitocidal, and due to their low success rate they imply a lifelong application causing severe side effects. Thymol is one of the major components of the essential oils of Thymus and is a widely known anti-microbial agent. The aim of the present work was to compare the efficacy of albendazole (ABZ) and thymol separately or combined on E. multilocularis protoscoleces and metacestodes. For this purpose, microscopical examinations at different time points were carried out. Moreover the tegumentary enzyme gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) was measured to quantify the damage in metacestodes. Even though treatments of in vitro cultured E. multilocularis protoscoleces or metacestodes with ABZ or/and thymol showed that the drugs have an adverse effect on parasite viability, the combination of the two compounds at the concentration of 10. μg/ml showed the maximum anti-parasitic effect. Three days postincubation the first effects of the treatment were detected on protoscoleces and a marked reduction in viability (33%) was registered at day 18. Incubation of E. multilocularis metacestodes in the presence of ABZ 10. μg/ml. +. thymol 10. μg/ml during 10 days resulted in dramatic alterations such as strongly irregular and fissured surface and markedly disrupted vesicles. Scanning electron microscopy showed that protoscoleces as well as the germinal layer of E. multilocularis metacestodes were dramatically damaged following ABZ or/and thymol treatment. Also an important increase of tegumentary enzyme GGT was registered after 72. h postincubation with both drugs. The data reported in this article demonstrate a clear in vitro effect of ABZ. +. thymol against E. multilocularis protoscoleces and metacestodes. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. JOUR info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_0001706X_v140_n_p61_Maria |
| institution |
Universidad de Buenos Aires |
| institution_str |
I-28 |
| repository_str |
R-134 |
| collection |
Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA) |
| topic |
Albendazole Chemotherapy Echinococcus multilocularis Metacestodes Protoscoleces Thymol albendazole gamma glutamyltransferase thymol albendazole anthelmintic agent thymol albendazole thymol chemotherapy disease treatment drug echinococcosis enzyme essential oil flatworm enzyme activity larval development vegetative propagation antimicrobial activity article cestode life cycle stage controlled study cytotoxicity drug efficacy Echinococcus multilocularis enzyme activity enzyme assay larval stage membrane damage metacestode microscopy morphology nonhuman parasite viability protoscoleces scanning electron microscopy animal drug combination drug effects Echinococcosis, Hepatic Echinococcus multilocularis inbred mouse strain larva mouse Article cestode life cycle stage metacestode protoscolece Albendazole Animals Anthelmintics Drug Therapy, Combination Echinococcosis, Hepatic Echinococcus multilocularis Larva Mice Mice, Inbred Strains Thymol Echinococcus multilocularis |
| spellingShingle |
Albendazole Chemotherapy Echinococcus multilocularis Metacestodes Protoscoleces Thymol albendazole gamma glutamyltransferase thymol albendazole anthelmintic agent thymol albendazole thymol chemotherapy disease treatment drug echinococcosis enzyme essential oil flatworm enzyme activity larval development vegetative propagation antimicrobial activity article cestode life cycle stage controlled study cytotoxicity drug efficacy Echinococcus multilocularis enzyme activity enzyme assay larval stage membrane damage metacestode microscopy morphology nonhuman parasite viability protoscoleces scanning electron microscopy animal drug combination drug effects Echinococcosis, Hepatic Echinococcus multilocularis inbred mouse strain larva mouse Article cestode life cycle stage metacestode protoscolece Albendazole Animals Anthelmintics Drug Therapy, Combination Echinococcosis, Hepatic Echinococcus multilocularis Larva Mice Mice, Inbred Strains Thymol Echinococcus multilocularis María, A.C. Celina, E.M. Efficacy of albendazole in combination with thymol against Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces and metacestodes |
| topic_facet |
Albendazole Chemotherapy Echinococcus multilocularis Metacestodes Protoscoleces Thymol albendazole gamma glutamyltransferase thymol albendazole anthelmintic agent thymol albendazole thymol chemotherapy disease treatment drug echinococcosis enzyme essential oil flatworm enzyme activity larval development vegetative propagation antimicrobial activity article cestode life cycle stage controlled study cytotoxicity drug efficacy Echinococcus multilocularis enzyme activity enzyme assay larval stage membrane damage metacestode microscopy morphology nonhuman parasite viability protoscoleces scanning electron microscopy animal drug combination drug effects Echinococcosis, Hepatic Echinococcus multilocularis inbred mouse strain larva mouse Article cestode life cycle stage metacestode protoscolece Albendazole Animals Anthelmintics Drug Therapy, Combination Echinococcosis, Hepatic Echinococcus multilocularis Larva Mice Mice, Inbred Strains Thymol Echinococcus multilocularis |
| description |
The larval (metacestode) stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis causes alveolar echinococcosis (AE), a mainly hepatic disease characterized by continuous asexual proliferation of metacestodes by exogenous budding, resulting in the tumor-like, infiltrative growth of the parasite lesion. Current chemotherapeutical treatment of AE relies on the use of benzimidazoles, albendazole (ABZ) and mebendazole, but these drugs act parasitostatic rather than parasitocidal, and due to their low success rate they imply a lifelong application causing severe side effects. Thymol is one of the major components of the essential oils of Thymus and is a widely known anti-microbial agent. The aim of the present work was to compare the efficacy of albendazole (ABZ) and thymol separately or combined on E. multilocularis protoscoleces and metacestodes. For this purpose, microscopical examinations at different time points were carried out. Moreover the tegumentary enzyme gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) was measured to quantify the damage in metacestodes. Even though treatments of in vitro cultured E. multilocularis protoscoleces or metacestodes with ABZ or/and thymol showed that the drugs have an adverse effect on parasite viability, the combination of the two compounds at the concentration of 10. μg/ml showed the maximum anti-parasitic effect. Three days postincubation the first effects of the treatment were detected on protoscoleces and a marked reduction in viability (33%) was registered at day 18. Incubation of E. multilocularis metacestodes in the presence of ABZ 10. μg/ml. +. thymol 10. μg/ml during 10 days resulted in dramatic alterations such as strongly irregular and fissured surface and markedly disrupted vesicles. Scanning electron microscopy showed that protoscoleces as well as the germinal layer of E. multilocularis metacestodes were dramatically damaged following ABZ or/and thymol treatment. Also an important increase of tegumentary enzyme GGT was registered after 72. h postincubation with both drugs. The data reported in this article demonstrate a clear in vitro effect of ABZ. +. thymol against E. multilocularis protoscoleces and metacestodes. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. |
| format |
JOUR |
| author |
María, A.C. Celina, E.M. |
| author_facet |
María, A.C. Celina, E.M. |
| author_sort |
María, A.C. |
| title |
Efficacy of albendazole in combination with thymol against Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces and metacestodes |
| title_short |
Efficacy of albendazole in combination with thymol against Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces and metacestodes |
| title_full |
Efficacy of albendazole in combination with thymol against Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces and metacestodes |
| title_fullStr |
Efficacy of albendazole in combination with thymol against Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces and metacestodes |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Efficacy of albendazole in combination with thymol against Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces and metacestodes |
| title_sort |
efficacy of albendazole in combination with thymol against echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces and metacestodes |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_0001706X_v140_n_p61_Maria |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT mariaac efficacyofalbendazoleincombinationwiththymolagainstechinococcusmultilocularisprotoscolecesandmetacestodes AT celinaem efficacyofalbendazoleincombinationwiththymolagainstechinococcusmultilocularisprotoscolecesandmetacestodes |
| _version_ |
1782029873278091264 |