Crop intensification, land use, and on-farm energy-use efficiency during the worldwide spread of the green revolution

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We analyzed crop production, physical inputs, and land use at the country level to assess technological changes behind the threefold increase in global crop production from 1961 to 2014. We translated machinery, fuel, and fertilizer to embedded energy units that, when summed up, provided a measure o...

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Autores principales: Pellegrini, Pedro, Fernández, Roberto Javier
Formato: Artículo publishedVersion
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2018
Materias:
EROI
JEVONS PARADOX
LAND SHARING
LAND SPARING
WATER-ENERGY-FOOD SECURITY NEXUS
Acceso en línea:http://ri.agro.uba.ar/greenstone3/library/collection/arti/document/2018pellegrinipedro
Aporte de:
FAUBA Digital - Facultad de Agronomía (UBA) de Universidad de Buenos Aires
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spelling snrd:2018pellegrinipedro2021-10-15T16:56:07Z Pellegrini, Pedro Fernández, Roberto Javier 2018 We analyzed crop production, physical inputs, and land use at the country level to assess technological changes behind the threefold increase in global crop production from 1961 to 2014. We translated machinery, fuel, and fertilizer to embedded energy units that, when summed up, provided a measure of agricultural intensification (human subsidy per hectare) for crops in the 58 countries responsible for 95% of global production. Worldwide, therewas a 137% increase in input use per hectare, reaching 13 EJ, or 2.6% of the world’s primary energy supply, versus only a 10% increase in land use. Intensification was marked in Asia and Latin America, where input-use levels reached those that North America and Europe had in the earlier years of the period; the increase was more accentuated, irrespective of continent, for the 12 countries with mostly irrigated production. Half of the countries (28/58), mainly developed ones, had an average subsidy greater to 5 GJ/ha/y (with fertilizers accounting for 27% in 1961 and 45% in 2014), with most of them (23/28) using about the same area or less than in 1961 (net land sparing of 31 Mha). Most of the remaining countries (24/30 with inputs less to 5 GJ/ha/y), mainly developing ones, increased their cropped area (net land extensification of 135 Mha). Overall, energy-use efficiency (crop output/inputs) followed a U-shaped trajectory starting at about 3 and finishing close to 4. The prospects of a more sustainable intensification are discussed, and the inadequacy of the land-sparing model expectation of protecting wilderness via intensified agriculture is highlighted. tbls., grafs. application/pdf doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717072115 issn: http://ri.agro.uba.ar/greenstone3/library/collection/arti/document/2018pellegrinipedro eng National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess openAccess http://ri.agro.uba.ar/greenstone3/library/page/biblioteca#section4 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Vol.115, no.10 2335-2340 http://www.pnas.org EROI JEVONS PARADOX LAND SHARING LAND SPARING WATER-ENERGY-FOOD SECURITY NEXUS Crop intensification, land use, and on-farm energy-use efficiency during the worldwide spread of the green revolution info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo publishedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
institution Universidad de Buenos Aires
institution_str I-28
repository_str R-140
collection FAUBA Digital - Facultad de Agronomía (UBA)
language Inglés
orig_language_str_mv eng
topic EROI
JEVONS PARADOX
LAND SHARING
LAND SPARING
WATER-ENERGY-FOOD SECURITY NEXUS
spellingShingle EROI
JEVONS PARADOX
LAND SHARING
LAND SPARING
WATER-ENERGY-FOOD SECURITY NEXUS
Pellegrini, Pedro
Fernández, Roberto Javier
Crop intensification, land use, and on-farm energy-use efficiency during the worldwide spread of the green revolution
topic_facet EROI
JEVONS PARADOX
LAND SHARING
LAND SPARING
WATER-ENERGY-FOOD SECURITY NEXUS
description We analyzed crop production, physical inputs, and land use at the country level to assess technological changes behind the threefold increase in global crop production from 1961 to 2014. We translated machinery, fuel, and fertilizer to embedded energy units that, when summed up, provided a measure of agricultural intensification (human subsidy per hectare) for crops in the 58 countries responsible for 95% of global production. Worldwide, therewas a 137% increase in input use per hectare, reaching 13 EJ, or 2.6% of the world’s primary energy supply, versus only a 10% increase in land use. Intensification was marked in Asia and Latin America, where input-use levels reached those that North America and Europe had in the earlier years of the period; the increase was more accentuated, irrespective of continent, for the 12 countries with mostly irrigated production. Half of the countries (28/58), mainly developed ones, had an average subsidy greater to 5 GJ/ha/y (with fertilizers accounting for 27% in 1961 and 45% in 2014), with most of them (23/28) using about the same area or less than in 1961 (net land sparing of 31 Mha). Most of the remaining countries (24/30 with inputs less to 5 GJ/ha/y), mainly developing ones, increased their cropped area (net land extensification of 135 Mha). Overall, energy-use efficiency (crop output/inputs) followed a U-shaped trajectory starting at about 3 and finishing close to 4. The prospects of a more sustainable intensification are discussed, and the inadequacy of the land-sparing model expectation of protecting wilderness via intensified agriculture is highlighted.
format Artículo
Artículo
publishedVersion
publishedVersion
author Pellegrini, Pedro
Fernández, Roberto Javier
author_facet Pellegrini, Pedro
Fernández, Roberto Javier
author_sort Pellegrini, Pedro
title Crop intensification, land use, and on-farm energy-use efficiency during the worldwide spread of the green revolution
title_short Crop intensification, land use, and on-farm energy-use efficiency during the worldwide spread of the green revolution
title_full Crop intensification, land use, and on-farm energy-use efficiency during the worldwide spread of the green revolution
title_fullStr Crop intensification, land use, and on-farm energy-use efficiency during the worldwide spread of the green revolution
title_full_unstemmed Crop intensification, land use, and on-farm energy-use efficiency during the worldwide spread of the green revolution
title_sort crop intensification, land use, and on-farm energy-use efficiency during the worldwide spread of the green revolution
publisher National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
publishDate 2018
url http://ri.agro.uba.ar/greenstone3/library/collection/arti/document/2018pellegrinipedro
work_keys_str_mv AT pellegrinipedro cropintensificationlanduseandonfarmenergyuseefficiencyduringtheworldwidespreadofthegreenrevolution
AT fernandezrobertojavier cropintensificationlanduseandonfarmenergyuseefficiencyduringtheworldwidespreadofthegreenrevolution
_version_ 1851371385385910272

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