Living in an extremely polluted environment: Clues from the genome of melanin-producing Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica 34melT
Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica 34melT can be considered an extremophile due to the characteristics of the heavily polluted river from which it was isolated. While four subspecies of A. salmonicida are known fish pathogens, 34melT belongs to the only subspecies isolated solely from the en...
Guardado en:
| Autor principal: | |
|---|---|
| Publicado: |
2015
|
| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_00992240_v81_n15_p5235_Pavan http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_00992240_v81_n15_p5235_Pavan |
| Aporte de: |
| id |
paper:paper_00992240_v81_n15_p5235_Pavan |
|---|---|
| record_format |
dspace |
| spelling |
paper:paper_00992240_v81_n15_p5235_Pavan2023-06-08T15:10:08Z Living in an extremely polluted environment: Clues from the genome of melanin-producing Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica 34melT Levin, Laura Noemi Biochemistry Biodegradation Biosynthesis Enzymes Gene transfer Heavy metals Melanin Microorganisms Pollution Substrates Aeromonas salmonicida Different substrates Heavy metal resistance Horizontal gene transfer Melanin biosynthesis Melanin synthesis Metabolic versatility Nitrosative stress Genes bacterium biodegradation biological production enzyme activity gene genome genomics melanin metabolism mutation oxidation pathogenicity river substrate virulence Aeromonas Aeromonas salmonicida Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica bacterial DNA heavy metal melanin pectin adaptation Aeromonas salmonicida antibiotic resistance bacterial genome biotransformation chemistry DNA sequence genetics horizontal gene transfer isolation and purification metabolism microbiology molecular genetics river water pollution Adaptation, Biological Aeromonas salmonicida Biotransformation DNA, Bacterial Drug Resistance, Bacterial Gene Transfer, Horizontal Genome, Bacterial Melanins Metabolic Networks and Pathways Metals, Heavy Molecular Sequence Data Pectins Rivers Sequence Analysis, DNA Water Pollution, Chemical Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica 34melT can be considered an extremophile due to the characteristics of the heavily polluted river from which it was isolated. While four subspecies of A. salmonicida are known fish pathogens, 34melT belongs to the only subspecies isolated solely from the environment. Genome analysis revealed a high metabolic versatility, the capability to cope with diverse stress agents, and the lack of several virulence factors found in pathogenic Aeromonas. The most relevant phenotypic characteristics of 34melT are pectin degradation, a distinctive trait of A. salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica, and melanin production. Genes coding for three pectate lyases were detected in a cluster, unique to this microorganism, that contains all genes needed for pectin degradation. Melanin synthesis in 34melT is hypothesized to occur through the homogentisate pathway, as no tyrosinases or laccases were detected and the homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase gene is inactivated by a transposon insertion, leading to the accumulation of the melanin precursor homogentisate. Comparative genome analysis of other melanogenic Aeromonas strains revealed that this gene was inactivated by transposon insertions or point mutations, indicating that melanin biosynthesis in Aeromonas occurs through the homogentisate pathway. Horizontal gene transfer could have contributed to the adaptation of 34melT to a highly polluted environment, as 13 genomic islands were identified in its genome, some of them containing genes coding for fitness-related traits. Heavy metal resistance genes were also found, along with others associated with oxidative and nitrosative stresses. These characteristics, together with melanin production and the ability to use different substrates, may explain the ability of this microorganism to live in an extremely polluted environment. © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. Fil:Levin, L. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. 2015 https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_00992240_v81_n15_p5235_Pavan http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_00992240_v81_n15_p5235_Pavan |
| institution |
Universidad de Buenos Aires |
| institution_str |
I-28 |
| repository_str |
R-134 |
| collection |
Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA) |
| topic |
Biochemistry Biodegradation Biosynthesis Enzymes Gene transfer Heavy metals Melanin Microorganisms Pollution Substrates Aeromonas salmonicida Different substrates Heavy metal resistance Horizontal gene transfer Melanin biosynthesis Melanin synthesis Metabolic versatility Nitrosative stress Genes bacterium biodegradation biological production enzyme activity gene genome genomics melanin metabolism mutation oxidation pathogenicity river substrate virulence Aeromonas Aeromonas salmonicida Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica bacterial DNA heavy metal melanin pectin adaptation Aeromonas salmonicida antibiotic resistance bacterial genome biotransformation chemistry DNA sequence genetics horizontal gene transfer isolation and purification metabolism microbiology molecular genetics river water pollution Adaptation, Biological Aeromonas salmonicida Biotransformation DNA, Bacterial Drug Resistance, Bacterial Gene Transfer, Horizontal Genome, Bacterial Melanins Metabolic Networks and Pathways Metals, Heavy Molecular Sequence Data Pectins Rivers Sequence Analysis, DNA Water Pollution, Chemical |
| spellingShingle |
Biochemistry Biodegradation Biosynthesis Enzymes Gene transfer Heavy metals Melanin Microorganisms Pollution Substrates Aeromonas salmonicida Different substrates Heavy metal resistance Horizontal gene transfer Melanin biosynthesis Melanin synthesis Metabolic versatility Nitrosative stress Genes bacterium biodegradation biological production enzyme activity gene genome genomics melanin metabolism mutation oxidation pathogenicity river substrate virulence Aeromonas Aeromonas salmonicida Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica bacterial DNA heavy metal melanin pectin adaptation Aeromonas salmonicida antibiotic resistance bacterial genome biotransformation chemistry DNA sequence genetics horizontal gene transfer isolation and purification metabolism microbiology molecular genetics river water pollution Adaptation, Biological Aeromonas salmonicida Biotransformation DNA, Bacterial Drug Resistance, Bacterial Gene Transfer, Horizontal Genome, Bacterial Melanins Metabolic Networks and Pathways Metals, Heavy Molecular Sequence Data Pectins Rivers Sequence Analysis, DNA Water Pollution, Chemical Levin, Laura Noemi Living in an extremely polluted environment: Clues from the genome of melanin-producing Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica 34melT |
| topic_facet |
Biochemistry Biodegradation Biosynthesis Enzymes Gene transfer Heavy metals Melanin Microorganisms Pollution Substrates Aeromonas salmonicida Different substrates Heavy metal resistance Horizontal gene transfer Melanin biosynthesis Melanin synthesis Metabolic versatility Nitrosative stress Genes bacterium biodegradation biological production enzyme activity gene genome genomics melanin metabolism mutation oxidation pathogenicity river substrate virulence Aeromonas Aeromonas salmonicida Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica bacterial DNA heavy metal melanin pectin adaptation Aeromonas salmonicida antibiotic resistance bacterial genome biotransformation chemistry DNA sequence genetics horizontal gene transfer isolation and purification metabolism microbiology molecular genetics river water pollution Adaptation, Biological Aeromonas salmonicida Biotransformation DNA, Bacterial Drug Resistance, Bacterial Gene Transfer, Horizontal Genome, Bacterial Melanins Metabolic Networks and Pathways Metals, Heavy Molecular Sequence Data Pectins Rivers Sequence Analysis, DNA Water Pollution, Chemical |
| description |
Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica 34melT can be considered an extremophile due to the characteristics of the heavily polluted river from which it was isolated. While four subspecies of A. salmonicida are known fish pathogens, 34melT belongs to the only subspecies isolated solely from the environment. Genome analysis revealed a high metabolic versatility, the capability to cope with diverse stress agents, and the lack of several virulence factors found in pathogenic Aeromonas. The most relevant phenotypic characteristics of 34melT are pectin degradation, a distinctive trait of A. salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica, and melanin production. Genes coding for three pectate lyases were detected in a cluster, unique to this microorganism, that contains all genes needed for pectin degradation. Melanin synthesis in 34melT is hypothesized to occur through the homogentisate pathway, as no tyrosinases or laccases were detected and the homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase gene is inactivated by a transposon insertion, leading to the accumulation of the melanin precursor homogentisate. Comparative genome analysis of other melanogenic Aeromonas strains revealed that this gene was inactivated by transposon insertions or point mutations, indicating that melanin biosynthesis in Aeromonas occurs through the homogentisate pathway. Horizontal gene transfer could have contributed to the adaptation of 34melT to a highly polluted environment, as 13 genomic islands were identified in its genome, some of them containing genes coding for fitness-related traits. Heavy metal resistance genes were also found, along with others associated with oxidative and nitrosative stresses. These characteristics, together with melanin production and the ability to use different substrates, may explain the ability of this microorganism to live in an extremely polluted environment. © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. |
| author |
Levin, Laura Noemi |
| author_facet |
Levin, Laura Noemi |
| author_sort |
Levin, Laura Noemi |
| title |
Living in an extremely polluted environment: Clues from the genome of melanin-producing Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica 34melT |
| title_short |
Living in an extremely polluted environment: Clues from the genome of melanin-producing Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica 34melT |
| title_full |
Living in an extremely polluted environment: Clues from the genome of melanin-producing Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica 34melT |
| title_fullStr |
Living in an extremely polluted environment: Clues from the genome of melanin-producing Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica 34melT |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Living in an extremely polluted environment: Clues from the genome of melanin-producing Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica 34melT |
| title_sort |
living in an extremely polluted environment: clues from the genome of melanin-producing aeromonas salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica 34melt |
| publishDate |
2015 |
| url |
https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_00992240_v81_n15_p5235_Pavan http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_00992240_v81_n15_p5235_Pavan |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT levinlauranoemi livinginanextremelypollutedenvironmentcluesfromthegenomeofmelaninproducingaeromonassalmonicidasubsppectinolytica34melt |
| _version_ |
1768542932763148288 |