Dynamics, Monitoring, and Forecasting of Tephra in the Atmosphere

Explosive volcanic eruptions inject hot mixtures of solid particles (tephra) and gasses into theatmosphere. Entraining ambient air, these mixtures can form plumes rising tens of kilometers until they spreadlaterally, forming umbrella clouds. While the largest clasts tend to settle in proximity to th...

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Autores principales: Pardini, F., Barsotti, S., Bonadonna, C., de’ Michieli Vitturi, M., Folch, A., Mastin, L., Osores, María Soledad, Prata, A. T.
Formato: Artículo
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: Reviews of Geophysics 2025
Materias:
Tephra
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12160/2958
Aporte de:
El Abrigo - Repositorio Institucional del Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (SMN) de Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (SMN)
id I63-R169-20.500.12160-2958
record_format dspace
spelling I63-R169-20.500.12160-29582025-02-20T11:39:07Z Dynamics, Monitoring, and Forecasting of Tephra in the Atmosphere Pardini, F. Barsotti, S. Bonadonna, C. de’ Michieli Vitturi, M. Folch, A. Mastin, L. Osores, María Soledad Prata, A. T. Tephra Explosive volcanic eruptions inject hot mixtures of solid particles (tephra) and gasses into theatmosphere. Entraining ambient air, these mixtures can form plumes rising tens of kilometers until they spreadlaterally, forming umbrella clouds. While the largest clasts tend to settle in proximity to the volcano, the smallestfragments, commonly referred to as ash (≤2 mm in diameter), can be transported over long distances, formingvolcanic clouds. Tephra plumes and clouds pose significant hazards to human society, affecting infrastructure,and human health through deposition on the ground or airborne suspension at low altitudes. Additionally,volcanic clouds are a threat to aviation, during both high‐risk actions such as take‐off and landing and atstandard cruising altitudes. The ability to monitor and forecast tephra plumes and clouds is fundamental tomitigate the hazard associated with explosive eruptions. To that end, various monitoring techniques, rangingfrom ground‐based instruments to sensors on‐board satellites, and forecasting strategies, based on runningnumerical models to track the position of volcanic clouds, are efficiently employed. However, some limitationsstill exist, mainly due to the high unpredictability and variability of explosive eruptions, as well as themultiphase and complex nature of volcanic plumes. In the next decades, advances in monitoring andcomputational capabilities are expected to address these limitations and significantly improve the mitigation ofthe risk associated with tephra plumes and clouds. 2025-02-20T10:55:22Z 2025-02-20T10:55:22Z 2024-10 Artículo http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12160/2958 eng info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Reviews of Geophysics
institution Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (SMN)
institution_str I-63
repository_str R-169
collection El Abrigo - Repositorio Institucional del Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (SMN)
language Inglés
topic Tephra
spellingShingle Tephra
Pardini, F.
Barsotti, S.
Bonadonna, C.
de’ Michieli Vitturi, M.
Folch, A.
Mastin, L.
Osores, María Soledad
Prata, A. T.
Dynamics, Monitoring, and Forecasting of Tephra in the Atmosphere
topic_facet Tephra
description Explosive volcanic eruptions inject hot mixtures of solid particles (tephra) and gasses into theatmosphere. Entraining ambient air, these mixtures can form plumes rising tens of kilometers until they spreadlaterally, forming umbrella clouds. While the largest clasts tend to settle in proximity to the volcano, the smallestfragments, commonly referred to as ash (≤2 mm in diameter), can be transported over long distances, formingvolcanic clouds. Tephra plumes and clouds pose significant hazards to human society, affecting infrastructure,and human health through deposition on the ground or airborne suspension at low altitudes. Additionally,volcanic clouds are a threat to aviation, during both high‐risk actions such as take‐off and landing and atstandard cruising altitudes. The ability to monitor and forecast tephra plumes and clouds is fundamental tomitigate the hazard associated with explosive eruptions. To that end, various monitoring techniques, rangingfrom ground‐based instruments to sensors on‐board satellites, and forecasting strategies, based on runningnumerical models to track the position of volcanic clouds, are efficiently employed. However, some limitationsstill exist, mainly due to the high unpredictability and variability of explosive eruptions, as well as themultiphase and complex nature of volcanic plumes. In the next decades, advances in monitoring andcomputational capabilities are expected to address these limitations and significantly improve the mitigation ofthe risk associated with tephra plumes and clouds.
format Artículo
author Pardini, F.
Barsotti, S.
Bonadonna, C.
de’ Michieli Vitturi, M.
Folch, A.
Mastin, L.
Osores, María Soledad
Prata, A. T.
author_facet Pardini, F.
Barsotti, S.
Bonadonna, C.
de’ Michieli Vitturi, M.
Folch, A.
Mastin, L.
Osores, María Soledad
Prata, A. T.
author_sort Pardini, F.
title Dynamics, Monitoring, and Forecasting of Tephra in the Atmosphere
title_short Dynamics, Monitoring, and Forecasting of Tephra in the Atmosphere
title_full Dynamics, Monitoring, and Forecasting of Tephra in the Atmosphere
title_fullStr Dynamics, Monitoring, and Forecasting of Tephra in the Atmosphere
title_full_unstemmed Dynamics, Monitoring, and Forecasting of Tephra in the Atmosphere
title_sort dynamics, monitoring, and forecasting of tephra in the atmosphere
publisher Reviews of Geophysics
publishDate 2025
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12160/2958
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