Treatments for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A comparison between Tisagenlecleucel and Clofarabine

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous hematological malignancy predominantly affecting individuals under 20 years of age. Traditional chemotherapy, such as clofarabine, has shown efficacy; however, novel immunotherapeutic strategies like tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah®) have s...

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Autores principales: Carmona, Rocío Guadalupe, Montivero, Malena, Quattrocchi, Georgina, Zarelli, Valeria, Giai, Constanza, Quintero, Cristián Andrés
Formato: Artículo Científico
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: 2025
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Acceso en línea:https://repositorio.umaza.edu.ar/handle/00261/3607
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spelling I56-R162-00261-36072025-09-17T17:00:18Z Treatments for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A comparison between Tisagenlecleucel and Clofarabine Carmona, Rocío Guadalupe Montivero, Malena Quattrocchi, Georgina Zarelli, Valeria Giai, Constanza Quintero, Cristián Andrés tisagenlecleucel clofarabina leucemia linfoblástica aguda Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous hematological malignancy predominantly affecting individuals under 20 years of age. Traditional chemotherapy, such as clofarabine, has shown efficacy; however, novel immunotherapeutic strategies like tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah®) have significantly altered the treatment paradigm. Aim: This study aimed to perform a comparative analysis of tisagenlecleucel, a CAR-T cell therapy, and clofarabine, a second-generation purine nucleoside analog, evaluating their mechanisms of action, therapeutic benefits, limitations, and clinical applicability across diverse patient populations. Methods: A systematic comparative evaluation was conducted, encompassing pharmacological characteristics, mechanisms of action, treatment protocols, efficacy, safety profiles, and clinical indications of both agents. The análisis considered pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data and included patient demographic variables. Results: Tisagenlecleucel demonstrated high efficacy in refractory B-cell ALL, with durable responses and a blood half-life of 128 days, but with notable immune-related adverse effects such as cytokine release syndrome. Clofarabine, effective across a broader patient population, acts via multiple antitumor mechanisms but carries significant toxicity risks, including infection and sepsis. Discussion: The therapies present distinct clinical profiles: tisagenlecleucel offers targeted immunotherapy with high specificity but requires specialized infrastructure and management of immune toxicities. Clofarabine is more widely accessible and applicable, but is associated with conventional chemotherapy-related side effects. Treatment accessibility and cost differ markedly between the two. Conclusions: Therapy selection should be personalized based on patient-specific factors and institutional resources. Tisagenlecleucel is ideal for pediatric and young adult patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell ALL in CAR-T-capable centers, while clofarabine remains a viable option for broader ALL populations, particularly when genetic therapies are not feasible. Further research is needed to optimize therapeutic strategies and improve access to advanced treatments. 2025-09-17T15:41:19Z 2025-09-17T15:41:19Z 2025 Artículo Científico Carmona, R. G., Montivero, M., Quattrocchi, G., Zarelli, V., Giai, C., & Quintero, C. A. (2025). Treatments for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A comparison between tisagenlecleucel and clofarabine. Southern Journal of Sciences, 33(39), 25–31. https://doi.org/10.48141/2764-5959.04.v33.n39.2025_QUINTEROS_pgs_25_31 https://repositorio.umaza.edu.ar/handle/00261/3607 eng info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/10.48141/2764-5959.04.v33.n39.2025_QUINTEROS_pgs_25_31.pdf application/pdf
institution Universidad Juan Agustín MAZA
institution_str I-56
repository_str R-162
collection UMAZA Digital (Universidad MAZA - Mendoza)
language Inglés
orig_language_str_mv eng
topic tisagenlecleucel
clofarabina
leucemia linfoblástica aguda
spellingShingle tisagenlecleucel
clofarabina
leucemia linfoblástica aguda
Carmona, Rocío Guadalupe
Montivero, Malena
Quattrocchi, Georgina
Zarelli, Valeria
Giai, Constanza
Quintero, Cristián Andrés
Treatments for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A comparison between Tisagenlecleucel and Clofarabine
topic_facet tisagenlecleucel
clofarabina
leucemia linfoblástica aguda
description Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous hematological malignancy predominantly affecting individuals under 20 years of age. Traditional chemotherapy, such as clofarabine, has shown efficacy; however, novel immunotherapeutic strategies like tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah®) have significantly altered the treatment paradigm. Aim: This study aimed to perform a comparative analysis of tisagenlecleucel, a CAR-T cell therapy, and clofarabine, a second-generation purine nucleoside analog, evaluating their mechanisms of action, therapeutic benefits, limitations, and clinical applicability across diverse patient populations. Methods: A systematic comparative evaluation was conducted, encompassing pharmacological characteristics, mechanisms of action, treatment protocols, efficacy, safety profiles, and clinical indications of both agents. The análisis considered pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data and included patient demographic variables. Results: Tisagenlecleucel demonstrated high efficacy in refractory B-cell ALL, with durable responses and a blood half-life of 128 days, but with notable immune-related adverse effects such as cytokine release syndrome. Clofarabine, effective across a broader patient population, acts via multiple antitumor mechanisms but carries significant toxicity risks, including infection and sepsis. Discussion: The therapies present distinct clinical profiles: tisagenlecleucel offers targeted immunotherapy with high specificity but requires specialized infrastructure and management of immune toxicities. Clofarabine is more widely accessible and applicable, but is associated with conventional chemotherapy-related side effects. Treatment accessibility and cost differ markedly between the two. Conclusions: Therapy selection should be personalized based on patient-specific factors and institutional resources. Tisagenlecleucel is ideal for pediatric and young adult patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell ALL in CAR-T-capable centers, while clofarabine remains a viable option for broader ALL populations, particularly when genetic therapies are not feasible. Further research is needed to optimize therapeutic strategies and improve access to advanced treatments.
format Artículo Científico
author Carmona, Rocío Guadalupe
Montivero, Malena
Quattrocchi, Georgina
Zarelli, Valeria
Giai, Constanza
Quintero, Cristián Andrés
author_facet Carmona, Rocío Guadalupe
Montivero, Malena
Quattrocchi, Georgina
Zarelli, Valeria
Giai, Constanza
Quintero, Cristián Andrés
author_sort Carmona, Rocío Guadalupe
title Treatments for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A comparison between Tisagenlecleucel and Clofarabine
title_short Treatments for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A comparison between Tisagenlecleucel and Clofarabine
title_full Treatments for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A comparison between Tisagenlecleucel and Clofarabine
title_fullStr Treatments for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A comparison between Tisagenlecleucel and Clofarabine
title_full_unstemmed Treatments for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A comparison between Tisagenlecleucel and Clofarabine
title_sort treatments for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a comparison between tisagenlecleucel and clofarabine
publishDate 2025
url https://repositorio.umaza.edu.ar/handle/00261/3607
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