Caracterización botánica y geográfica de las mieles producidas por Apis mellifera L. en la provincia del Chaco, a partir de su composición polínica y parámetros físico-químicos
This project aimed to characterize honey produced by Apis mellifera in the province of Chaco from the botanical geographical and physicochemical characteristics. This is the first integrate study of honey from the province and it gives support for future origin denomination. A hundred and eighty-ni...
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| Formato: | Tesis doctoral |
| Lenguaje: | Español |
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Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste
2020
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| Acceso en línea: | http://repositorio.unne.edu.ar/handle/123456789/485 |
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| Sumario: | This project aimed to characterize honey produced by Apis mellifera in the province of Chaco from the botanical geographical and physicochemical characteristics. This is the first integrate study of honey from the province and it gives support for future origin
denomination. A hundred and eighty-nine honey samples were obtained and processed from the beekeeping periods: 2005-2006, 2006-2007 and 2007-2008; by pollen analysis – quantitative
and qualitative – the pollen contained was identified and quantified. At the same time the following physico-chemical analyzes were performed: color, electrical conductivity, moisture, pH, free acidity, diastase activity and HMF. In order to indentify pollen grains present in honey samples, a reference pollen collection from plants growing close to apiaries was made. A total of 299 botanical specimens corresponding to 282 species were collected, distributed in 66 plant families. Native taxa represent 91%, while the exotic constitute 9% of the collected specimens. The flowering availability occurs over year, but two periods of main production were recognized. They coincide with early spring and advanced summer in the first period a volume of about 560 tons can be reached, whereas in the second period until 90 tons of honey can be obtained. Families best represented in honey were Asteraceae and Fabaceae, followed by Solanaceae, Verbenaceae, Lamiaceae, Apiaceae and Euphorbiaceae.
As a result of qualitative analysis of honeys, 122 pollen types, representing 43% of the surveyed species, were identified. Quantitative analysis showed that honeys belong to Group II and III.
The species which characterized monofloral honeys, mostly native species, were: Bulnesia sarmientoi, Cynophalla retusa, Copernicia alba, Eugenia uniflora, Gleditsia amorphoides, Heimia salicifolia, Pisonia zapallo, Prosopis alba, Sagittaria montevidensis, Schinopsis balansae, S. lorentzii, Tessaria integrifolia, type Baccharis-Eupatorium, Trithrinax schizophylla and Ziziphus mistol, except for: Helianthus annuus. Honeys pollen spectrum was subjected to cluster analysis to define groups on the basis of dominant and secondary pollen
types. Subsequently, these groups were confirmed by Principal Component Analysis, which corroborated the consolidated groups.
Afterwards, the data obtained from the palynological analysis and information from physicochemical studies were integrated using an Analysis of Variance, this study showed significant differences between the various types of honey previously classified according to
its botanical origin. Color and electrical conductivity variables were found to be related to the botanical origin.
The color of the studied honeys were predominantly light amber, followed by extraclear amber honeys, some amber honeys, dark and only few were white. Electrical conductivity values exhibited a wide range (from 0.189 mS to 1.347 mS); a tendency between increasing values of EC with color intensity was detected.
Results obtained from studies allowed classifying types of honey produced in the province in monofloral or polifloral, and some physicochemical characteristics that could help define them. As well as establish a range of percentage of pollen required to define them as monofloral.
Honeys of Apis mellifera of the Chaco province are defined by its pollen composition which reflects the botanical identity of the Chaco forest, mainly represented by trees; the color intensity of honeys and high mineral content reflected by elevated levels of electrical
conductivity. |
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