Productive and reproductive trends in primiparous Holstein cows: longitudinal and multivariate analysis in an Argentine grazing system (1994–2023)

The Holstein breed constitutes the predominant genetic base in intensive and pasture-based dairy systems worldwide. The objective of this study was to characterize productive trends and calving interval in primiparous Holstein cows managed in an Argentine grazing system from 1994 to 2023; to evaluat...

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Autores principales: Ramón Castro, Ricardo, Frana Bisang, Emanuel Adrián, Molina, María Gabriela, Marini, Pablo
Formato: Artículo revista
Lenguaje:Español
Publicado: Universidad Nacional del Nordeste 2026
Materias:
genotype
environment interaction
milk yield
calving interval
grazing systems
multivariate analysis
ambiente
genotipo
indicadores
alimentación
días de lactancia
Acceso en línea:https://revistas.unne.edu.ar/index.php/vet/article/view/9154
Aporte de:
Revistas UNNE - Universidad Nacional del Noroeste (UNNE) de Universidad Nacional del Nordeste
id I48-R154-article-9154
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institution Universidad Nacional del Nordeste
institution_str I-48
repository_str R-154
container_title_str Revistas UNNE - Universidad Nacional del Noroeste (UNNE)
language Español
format Artículo revista
topic genotype
environment interaction
milk yield
calving interval
grazing systems
multivariate analysis
ambiente
genotipo
indicadores
alimentación
días de lactancia
spellingShingle genotype
environment interaction
milk yield
calving interval
grazing systems
multivariate analysis
ambiente
genotipo
indicadores
alimentación
días de lactancia
Ramón Castro, Ricardo
Frana Bisang, Emanuel Adrián
Molina, María Gabriela
Marini, Pablo
Productive and reproductive trends in primiparous Holstein cows: longitudinal and multivariate analysis in an Argentine grazing system (1994–2023)
topic_facet genotype
environment interaction
milk yield
calving interval
grazing systems
multivariate analysis
ambiente
genotipo
indicadores
alimentación
días de lactancia
author Ramón Castro, Ricardo
Frana Bisang, Emanuel Adrián
Molina, María Gabriela
Marini, Pablo
author_facet Ramón Castro, Ricardo
Frana Bisang, Emanuel Adrián
Molina, María Gabriela
Marini, Pablo
author_sort Ramón Castro, Ricardo
title Productive and reproductive trends in primiparous Holstein cows: longitudinal and multivariate analysis in an Argentine grazing system (1994–2023)
title_short Productive and reproductive trends in primiparous Holstein cows: longitudinal and multivariate analysis in an Argentine grazing system (1994–2023)
title_full Productive and reproductive trends in primiparous Holstein cows: longitudinal and multivariate analysis in an Argentine grazing system (1994–2023)
title_fullStr Productive and reproductive trends in primiparous Holstein cows: longitudinal and multivariate analysis in an Argentine grazing system (1994–2023)
title_full_unstemmed Productive and reproductive trends in primiparous Holstein cows: longitudinal and multivariate analysis in an Argentine grazing system (1994–2023)
title_sort productive and reproductive trends in primiparous holstein cows: longitudinal and multivariate analysis in an argentine grazing system (1994–2023)
description The Holstein breed constitutes the predominant genetic base in intensive and pasture-based dairy systems worldwide. The objective of this study was to characterize productive trends and calving interval in primiparous Holstein cows managed in an Argentine grazing system from 1994 to 2023; to evaluate the joint structure of these traits through multivariate analysis; and to detect potential structural changes associated with modifications on the production system, interpreting the results within the conceptual framework of genotype × environment interaction. Retrospective data from 93 primiparous Holstein cows of the American–Canadian biotype, calved in autumn between 1994 and 2023, were analyzed. The animals belonged to a Holstein dairy farm located in Casilda, Santa Fe province, Argentina. Milk production (MP305) and butterfat production (BP305) adjusted to 305 days showed a sustained increase over the study period, accompanied by a moderate increase in interindividual variability. Days in milk (DIM) increased progressively, although to a lesser extent, whereas calving interval (CI) did not show significant changes in linear models. Correlation analysis revealed a strong association between MP305 and BP305 (r = 0.881; p<0.001). DIM was moderately correlated with productive traits and strongly associated with CI (p<0.001). Principal component analysis explained 89.8% of the total variance: PC1 (58.8%) was primarily associated with productive variables (MP305, BP305, DIM), whereas PC2 (31.0%) was mainly associated with CI. The findings indicate that optimization of the grazing environment may represent a key factor for improving performance in primiparous Holstein cows. Furthermore, longitudinal and multivariate approaches provide useful tools for identifying system-level factors influencing phenotypic expression.
publisher Universidad Nacional del Nordeste
publishDate 2026
url https://revistas.unne.edu.ar/index.php/vet/article/view/9154
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spelling I48-R154-article-91542026-03-06T22:18:36Z Productive and reproductive trends in primiparous Holstein cows: longitudinal and multivariate analysis in an Argentine grazing system (1994–2023) Evolución productiva y reproductiva en vacas Holstein primíparas: análisis longitudinal y multivariado en un sistema a pastoreo argentino (1994-2023) Ramón Castro, Ricardo Frana Bisang, Emanuel Adrián Molina, María Gabriela Marini, Pablo genotype environment interaction milk yield calving interval grazing systems multivariate analysis ambiente genotipo indicadores alimentación días de lactancia The Holstein breed constitutes the predominant genetic base in intensive and pasture-based dairy systems worldwide. The objective of this study was to characterize productive trends and calving interval in primiparous Holstein cows managed in an Argentine grazing system from 1994 to 2023; to evaluate the joint structure of these traits through multivariate analysis; and to detect potential structural changes associated with modifications on the production system, interpreting the results within the conceptual framework of genotype × environment interaction. Retrospective data from 93 primiparous Holstein cows of the American–Canadian biotype, calved in autumn between 1994 and 2023, were analyzed. The animals belonged to a Holstein dairy farm located in Casilda, Santa Fe province, Argentina. Milk production (MP305) and butterfat production (BP305) adjusted to 305 days showed a sustained increase over the study period, accompanied by a moderate increase in interindividual variability. Days in milk (DIM) increased progressively, although to a lesser extent, whereas calving interval (CI) did not show significant changes in linear models. Correlation analysis revealed a strong association between MP305 and BP305 (r = 0.881; p<0.001). DIM was moderately correlated with productive traits and strongly associated with CI (p<0.001). Principal component analysis explained 89.8% of the total variance: PC1 (58.8%) was primarily associated with productive variables (MP305, BP305, DIM), whereas PC2 (31.0%) was mainly associated with CI. The findings indicate that optimization of the grazing environment may represent a key factor for improving performance in primiparous Holstein cows. Furthermore, longitudinal and multivariate approaches provide useful tools for identifying system-level factors influencing phenotypic expression. La raza Holstein constituye la base genética predominante en los sistemas lecheros intensivos y pastoriles a nivel mundial. El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar la evolución productiva y del intervalo parto-parto en vacas Holstein primíparas manejadas en un sistema pastoril argentino durante 1994-2023; evaluar la estructura conjunta de estos rasgos mediante análisis multivariado; y detectar posibles cambios estructurales asociados a transformaciones del sistema, interpretando los resultados dentro del marco conceptual de la interacción genotipo × ambiente. Se utilizaron datos retrospectivos correspondientes a 93 vacas Holstein primíparas del biotipo americano–canadiense, paridas en otoño entre 1994 y 2023. Los animales pertenecían al tambo-cabaña Holstein ubicado en Casilda, provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina. Las producciones de leche (PL305) y grasa butirosa (PG305) ajustadas a 305 días evidenciaron un incremento sostenido a lo largo del período 1994-2023, acompañado por una ampliación moderada en la variabilidad interindividual. Los días en lactancia (DL) mostraron un aumento progresivo de menor magnitud, mientras que el intervalo parto-parto (IPP) no mostró cambios significativos en los modelos lineales. El análisis de correlaciones mostró una asociación muy fuerte entre PL305 y PG305 (r = 0,881; p<0,001). DL presentó correlaciones moderadas con ambos rasgos productivos y se asoció fuertemente con IPP (p<0,001). El análisis de componentes principales explicó el 89,8% de la variación total: CP1 (58,8%) representó un eje productivo integrado por PL305, PG305 y DL, mientras que CP2 (31,0%) reflejó una dimensión reproductiva dominada por el IPP. Se concluye que los resultados sugieren que la optimización del ambiente a pastoreo constituye el principal determinante para mejorar el rendimiento de vacas Holstein primíparas, y que el análisis multivariado y longitudinal ofrece una herramienta valiosa para identificar los mecanismos mediante los cuales el sistema productivo modula la expresión fenotípica. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste 2026-03-02 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml application/epub+zip https://revistas.unne.edu.ar/index.php/vet/article/view/9154 10.30972/vet.3719154 Revista Veterinaria; Vol. 37 (2026); 1-8 Revista Veterinaria; Vol. 37 (2026); 1-8 1669-6840 1668-4834 spa https://revistas.unne.edu.ar/index.php/vet/article/view/9154/8991 https://revistas.unne.edu.ar/index.php/vet/article/view/9154/9011 https://revistas.unne.edu.ar/index.php/vet/article/view/9154/9012 Derechos de autor 2026 Ricardo Ramón Castro, Emanuel Adrián Frana Bisang, María Gabriela Molina, Pablo Marini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

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