Canine distemper and its impact on domestic and wild fauna
Canine distemper virus (CDV) infection is one of the most significant health problems in veterinary medicine due to its high transmissibility, notable genetic diversity, and simultaneous impact on domestic and wild animals. This review compiles recent information on various aspects of CDV, including...
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| Formato: | Artículo revista |
| Lenguaje: | Español |
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Universidad Nacional del Nordeste
2026
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| Acceso en línea: | https://revistas.unne.edu.ar/index.php/vet/article/view/9102 |
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I48-R154-article-9102 |
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Universidad Nacional del Nordeste |
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Revistas UNNE - Universidad Nacional del Noroeste (UNNE) |
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Español |
| format |
Artículo revista |
| topic |
canine distemper virus wildlife Canis lupus familiaris Morbillivirus virus del distemper canino fauna silvestre Canis lupus familiaris Morbillivirus |
| spellingShingle |
canine distemper virus wildlife Canis lupus familiaris Morbillivirus virus del distemper canino fauna silvestre Canis lupus familiaris Morbillivirus Patiño Balcazar, Emilio Sebastián Avilés-Esquivel, Diana Canine distemper and its impact on domestic and wild fauna |
| topic_facet |
canine distemper virus wildlife Canis lupus familiaris Morbillivirus virus del distemper canino fauna silvestre Canis lupus familiaris Morbillivirus |
| author |
Patiño Balcazar, Emilio Sebastián Avilés-Esquivel, Diana |
| author_facet |
Patiño Balcazar, Emilio Sebastián Avilés-Esquivel, Diana |
| author_sort |
Patiño Balcazar, Emilio Sebastián |
| title |
Canine distemper and its impact on domestic and wild fauna |
| title_short |
Canine distemper and its impact on domestic and wild fauna |
| title_full |
Canine distemper and its impact on domestic and wild fauna |
| title_fullStr |
Canine distemper and its impact on domestic and wild fauna |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Canine distemper and its impact on domestic and wild fauna |
| title_sort |
canine distemper and its impact on domestic and wild fauna |
| description |
Canine distemper virus (CDV) infection is one of the most significant health problems in veterinary medicine due to its high transmissibility, notable genetic diversity, and simultaneous impact on domestic and wild animals. This review compiles recent information on various aspects of CDV, including its etiology, transmission, reservoirs, clinical and ecological impact, as well as diagnostic advances, prevention strategies, and emerging therapeutic alternatives. Epidemiological studies indicate that domestic dogs remain the primary source of transmission, particularly when vaccination coverage is insufficient. However, numerous wild species—including canids, felids, mustelids, ursids, and procyonids—act as reservoirs and amplifiers, contributing to the virus's persistence in diverse ecosystems. The genetic variability of CDV, particularly in the H gene, influences its tropism and pathogenicity, facilitating the emergence of lineages with increased neurovirulence or enhanced ability to cross interspecies barriers. Diagnostic tools such as RT-qPCR and genomic sequencing have improved the detection of relevant mutations and strengthened molecular surveillance. Preventive strategies based on attenuated and recombinant vaccines have shown high efficacy in dogs and some wild species, although immune response may vary across hosts. Additionally, new therapeutic approaches, including silver nanoparticles and metabolic inhibitors, offer promising alternatives that could improve survival in affected animals. Overall, current evidence confirms that CDV remains a multispecies threat whose epidemiology depends on the complex interaction between domestic dogs and wildlife. This underscores the need to strengthen molecular surveillance and optimize prevention strategies to mitigate its health and ecological consequences. |
| publisher |
Universidad Nacional del Nordeste |
| publishDate |
2026 |
| url |
https://revistas.unne.edu.ar/index.php/vet/article/view/9102 |
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2026-02-17T05:00:46Z |
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I48-R154-article-91022026-02-06T22:05:31Z Canine distemper and its impact on domestic and wild fauna Distemper canino y su impacto en la fauna doméstica y silvestre Patiño Balcazar, Emilio Sebastián Avilés-Esquivel, Diana canine distemper virus wildlife Canis lupus familiaris Morbillivirus virus del distemper canino fauna silvestre Canis lupus familiaris Morbillivirus Canine distemper virus (CDV) infection is one of the most significant health problems in veterinary medicine due to its high transmissibility, notable genetic diversity, and simultaneous impact on domestic and wild animals. This review compiles recent information on various aspects of CDV, including its etiology, transmission, reservoirs, clinical and ecological impact, as well as diagnostic advances, prevention strategies, and emerging therapeutic alternatives. Epidemiological studies indicate that domestic dogs remain the primary source of transmission, particularly when vaccination coverage is insufficient. However, numerous wild species—including canids, felids, mustelids, ursids, and procyonids—act as reservoirs and amplifiers, contributing to the virus's persistence in diverse ecosystems. The genetic variability of CDV, particularly in the H gene, influences its tropism and pathogenicity, facilitating the emergence of lineages with increased neurovirulence or enhanced ability to cross interspecies barriers. Diagnostic tools such as RT-qPCR and genomic sequencing have improved the detection of relevant mutations and strengthened molecular surveillance. Preventive strategies based on attenuated and recombinant vaccines have shown high efficacy in dogs and some wild species, although immune response may vary across hosts. Additionally, new therapeutic approaches, including silver nanoparticles and metabolic inhibitors, offer promising alternatives that could improve survival in affected animals. Overall, current evidence confirms that CDV remains a multispecies threat whose epidemiology depends on the complex interaction between domestic dogs and wildlife. This underscores the need to strengthen molecular surveillance and optimize prevention strategies to mitigate its health and ecological consequences. La infección por el virus del distemper canino (VDC) constituye uno de los problemas sanitarios más relevantes en medicina veterinaria debido a su elevada capacidad de contagio, su notable diversidad genética y su impacto simultáneo en la fauna doméstica y silvestre. Esta revisión compiló información reciente sobre distintos aspectos del VDC, abarcando su etiología, transmisión, reservorios, impacto clínico y ecológico, así como los avances diagnósticos, las estrategias de prevención y las alternativas terapéuticas. Los estudios epidemiológicos muestran que los perros domésticos continúan siendo el principal foco de transmisión, especialmente cuando no cuentan con inmunización adecuada; sin embargo, numerosas especies silvestres incluyendo cánidos, félidos, mustélidos, úrsidos y prociónidos actúan como reservorios y amplificadores, favoreciendo la persistencia del virus en diversos ecosistemas. Además, la variabilidad genética del VDC, particularmente en el gen H, influye en su tropismo y patogenicidad, facilitando la emergencia de linajes con mayor capacidad de afectar el sistema nervioso o cruzar barreras interespecie. Los avances diagnósticos como la RT-qPCR y la secuenciación genómica han permitido detectar mutaciones relevantes y mejorar la vigilancia molecular. Por otro lado, las estrategias preventivas basadas en vacunas atenuadas y recombinantes han demostrado alta eficacia en perros y algunas especies silvestres, aunque su respuesta es variable según el hospedador. Las nuevas aproximaciones terapéuticas como las nanopartículas de plata o los inhibidores metabólicos representan alternativas prometedoras que podrían mejorar la supervivencia en animales afectados. En conjunto, la evidencia disponible confirma que el VDC persiste como una amenaza multiespecie cuya dinámica depende de la interacción entre perros domésticos y fauna silvestre, lo que refuerza la necesidad de fortalecer la vigilancia molecular y optimizar las estrategias de prevención para mitigar sus repercusiones sanitarias y ecológicas. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste 2026-02-04 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://revistas.unne.edu.ar/index.php/vet/article/view/9102 10.30972/vet.3719102 Revista Veterinaria; Vol. 37 (2026); 1-14 Revista Veterinaria; Vol. 37 (2026); 1-14 1669-6840 1668-4834 spa https://revistas.unne.edu.ar/index.php/vet/article/view/9102/8818 Derechos de autor 2026 Emilio Sebastián Patiño Balcazar, Diana Avilés-Esquivel https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 |