New concepts in the neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness

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Abstract: The neural substrates of sleep and wakefulness form a highly distributed and, to some extent, redundant network, with hypocretin, monoaminergic and cholinergic systems largely promoting wakefulness and GABAergic systems in the preoptic area, hypothalamus and brainstem promoting sleep. The...

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Autores principales: Garay, Arturo, Cardinali, Daniel Pedro
Formato: Artículo
Lenguaje:Inglés
Inglés
Publicado: Sociedad Argentina de Fisiología 2019
Materias:
MEDICINA
SUEÑO
FISIOLOGIA
RITMO CIRCADIANO
Acceso en línea:https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/1447
Aporte de:
Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA) de Universidad Católica Argentina
id I33-R139123456789-1447
record_format dspace
institution Universidad Católica Argentina
institution_str I-33
repository_str R-139
collection Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA)
language Inglés
Inglés
topic MEDICINA
SUEÑO
FISIOLOGIA
RITMO CIRCADIANO
spellingShingle MEDICINA
SUEÑO
FISIOLOGIA
RITMO CIRCADIANO
Garay, Arturo
Cardinali, Daniel Pedro
New concepts in the neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness
topic_facet MEDICINA
SUEÑO
FISIOLOGIA
RITMO CIRCADIANO
description Abstract: The neural substrates of sleep and wakefulness form a highly distributed and, to some extent, redundant network, with hypocretin, monoaminergic and cholinergic systems largely promoting wakefulness and GABAergic systems in the preoptic area, hypothalamus and brainstem promoting sleep. The hypocretin/orexin system plays a special role in the promotion of wakefulness and suppression of REM sleep by providing excitatory input to the monoaminergic and cholinergic systems. Sleep is not a unitary state but involves a cyclic alternation between NREM and REM sleep; the pons is critical for generating the multiple components (ie, EEG synchronization, eye movements and muscle atonia) that characterize REM sleep. Recent findings have implicated the participation of hypothalamus, through MCH/GABA that provide a critical input to pontine generator of REM sleep. The timing of sleep and wakefulness is regulated by an interaction between the circadian pacemaker located in the hypothalamic SCN and a sleep homeostatic system whose anatomic location is yet to be definitively identified. Among various neurochemicals, extracellular AD and nNOS/NK1 accumulate in the BF as wakefulness is extended and inhibits cortically projecting cholinergic neurons, thereby influencing cortical activity. In the future, it seems reasonable to expect a spreading of these insights from basic to clinical grounds for a better understanding of the causes and mechanisms of sleep disorders and the generation of novel therapeutics in sleep medicine.
format Artículo
author Garay, Arturo
Cardinali, Daniel Pedro
author_facet Garay, Arturo
Cardinali, Daniel Pedro
author_sort Garay, Arturo
title New concepts in the neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness
title_short New concepts in the neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness
title_full New concepts in the neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness
title_fullStr New concepts in the neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness
title_full_unstemmed New concepts in the neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness
title_sort new concepts in the neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness
publisher Sociedad Argentina de Fisiología
publishDate 2019
url https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/1447
work_keys_str_mv AT garayarturo newconceptsintheneurophysiologyofsleepandwakefulness
AT cardinalidanielpedro newconceptsintheneurophysiologyofsleepandwakefulness
bdutipo_str Repositorios
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