Genetic diversity and impact of vaccination on influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 in Mar del Plata, Argentina: a 2015–2020 molecular epidemiological study

Background: Influenza A viruses are a major cause of viral respiratory infections in humans, leading to a spectrum of diseases ranging from mild to severe, particularly in high-risk groups. Monitoring the frequency and evolution of A (H1N1)pdm09 viruses is essential for guiding vaccine strain select...

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Autores principales: Uez, Osvaldo, Culasso, Andrés, Lerman, Andrea, Cimmino, Carlos, Campos, Rodolfo, Marcone, Débora Natalia
Formato: Artículo
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: Taylos & Francis 2025
Materias:
VACUNACION
INFLUENZA
DIVERSIDAD GENETICA
EFICACIA
Acceso en línea:https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/19974
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Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA) de Universidad Católica Argentina
id I33-R139-123456789-19974
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spelling I33-R139-123456789-199742025-07-03T05:01:13Z Genetic diversity and impact of vaccination on influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 in Mar del Plata, Argentina: a 2015–2020 molecular epidemiological study Uez, Osvaldo Culasso, Andrés Lerman, Andrea Cimmino, Carlos Campos, Rodolfo Marcone, Débora Natalia VACUNACION INFLUENZA DIVERSIDAD GENETICA EFICACIA Background: Influenza A viruses are a major cause of viral respiratory infections in humans, leading to a spectrum of diseases ranging from mild to severe, particularly in high-risk groups. Monitoring the frequency and evolution of A (H1N1)pdm09 viruses is essential for guiding vaccine strain selection and maintaining vaccine effectiveness. Objectives: To characterize the evolution of circulating influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 strains in Mar del Plata(MDQ), Argentina, and estimate vaccine efficacy from 2015 to 2020, before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methods: We analyzed 46 influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 strains detected by RT-PCR from patients with acute respiratory infections in MDQ between 2015 and 2020. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using maximum likelihood, and vaccine efficacy was estimated with the Pepitope model. Results: Seven genetic clades were identified: 6B in 2015, 6B.1 in 2016–2017, 6B.1A, 6B.1A.1, and 6B.1A.3 in 2018, 6B.1A.5A in 2019–2020, and 6B.1A.5a.2 in 2020. Genetic diversity and regional clustering suggested multiple strain introductions from other Argentinian regions or countries. The predicted vaccine efficacy was highest when the frequency of influenza A (H1N1)pmd09 was below 2%, decreasing as viral frequency increased, due to mutations occurring particularly in haemagglutinin epitopes B, C, and E. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the dynamic evolution of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 in MDQ and emphasize the importance of continuous molecular surveillance and regular vaccine updates. Additionally, the Pepitope model proved useful in estimating vaccine efficacy. The impact of vaccination in reducing viral frequency when circulating and vaccine strains are well-matched further supports annual influenza vaccination recommendations to minimize viral burden in the community. 2025-07-02T13:17:30Z 2025-07-02T13:17:30Z 2025 Artículo https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/19974 10.1080/23744235.2025.2466118 eng Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ application/pdf Taylos & Francis Infectious Diseases. 57(6), 2025.
institution Universidad Católica Argentina
institution_str I-33
repository_str R-139
collection Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA)
language Inglés
topic VACUNACION
INFLUENZA
DIVERSIDAD GENETICA
EFICACIA
spellingShingle VACUNACION
INFLUENZA
DIVERSIDAD GENETICA
EFICACIA
Uez, Osvaldo
Culasso, Andrés
Lerman, Andrea
Cimmino, Carlos
Campos, Rodolfo
Marcone, Débora Natalia
Genetic diversity and impact of vaccination on influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 in Mar del Plata, Argentina: a 2015–2020 molecular epidemiological study
topic_facet VACUNACION
INFLUENZA
DIVERSIDAD GENETICA
EFICACIA
description Background: Influenza A viruses are a major cause of viral respiratory infections in humans, leading to a spectrum of diseases ranging from mild to severe, particularly in high-risk groups. Monitoring the frequency and evolution of A (H1N1)pdm09 viruses is essential for guiding vaccine strain selection and maintaining vaccine effectiveness. Objectives: To characterize the evolution of circulating influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 strains in Mar del Plata(MDQ), Argentina, and estimate vaccine efficacy from 2015 to 2020, before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methods: We analyzed 46 influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 strains detected by RT-PCR from patients with acute respiratory infections in MDQ between 2015 and 2020. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using maximum likelihood, and vaccine efficacy was estimated with the Pepitope model. Results: Seven genetic clades were identified: 6B in 2015, 6B.1 in 2016–2017, 6B.1A, 6B.1A.1, and 6B.1A.3 in 2018, 6B.1A.5A in 2019–2020, and 6B.1A.5a.2 in 2020. Genetic diversity and regional clustering suggested multiple strain introductions from other Argentinian regions or countries. The predicted vaccine efficacy was highest when the frequency of influenza A (H1N1)pmd09 was below 2%, decreasing as viral frequency increased, due to mutations occurring particularly in haemagglutinin epitopes B, C, and E. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the dynamic evolution of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 in MDQ and emphasize the importance of continuous molecular surveillance and regular vaccine updates. Additionally, the Pepitope model proved useful in estimating vaccine efficacy. The impact of vaccination in reducing viral frequency when circulating and vaccine strains are well-matched further supports annual influenza vaccination recommendations to minimize viral burden in the community.
format Artículo
author Uez, Osvaldo
Culasso, Andrés
Lerman, Andrea
Cimmino, Carlos
Campos, Rodolfo
Marcone, Débora Natalia
author_facet Uez, Osvaldo
Culasso, Andrés
Lerman, Andrea
Cimmino, Carlos
Campos, Rodolfo
Marcone, Débora Natalia
author_sort Uez, Osvaldo
title Genetic diversity and impact of vaccination on influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 in Mar del Plata, Argentina: a 2015–2020 molecular epidemiological study
title_short Genetic diversity and impact of vaccination on influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 in Mar del Plata, Argentina: a 2015–2020 molecular epidemiological study
title_full Genetic diversity and impact of vaccination on influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 in Mar del Plata, Argentina: a 2015–2020 molecular epidemiological study
title_fullStr Genetic diversity and impact of vaccination on influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 in Mar del Plata, Argentina: a 2015–2020 molecular epidemiological study
title_full_unstemmed Genetic diversity and impact of vaccination on influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 in Mar del Plata, Argentina: a 2015–2020 molecular epidemiological study
title_sort genetic diversity and impact of vaccination on influenza a (h1n1)pdm09 in mar del plata, argentina: a 2015–2020 molecular epidemiological study
publisher Taylos & Francis
publishDate 2025
url https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/19974
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