Faynan, nomads and the western Negev in the Early Iron Age: a critical reappraisal

Abstract: The final report on the Edom Lowlands Regional Archaeology Project concludes that local nomadic tribes created a complex polity at early Iron Age Faynan, in southern Jordan, that was responsible for a radical shift in copper production to an industrial scale. Erez Ben-Yosef has subsequ...

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Autores principales: Bienkowski, Piotr, Tebes, Juan Manuel
Formato: Artículo
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: Taylor & Francis 2024
Materias:
EDAD DE HIERRO
NOMADISMO
METALURGIA
ORIENTE MEDIO
ARQUEOLOGIA
COBRE
Acceso en línea:https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/18313
Aporte de:
Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA) de Universidad Católica Argentina
id I33-R139-123456789-18313
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spelling I33-R139-123456789-183132024-06-19T05:02:01Z Faynan, nomads and the western Negev in the Early Iron Age: a critical reappraisal Bienkowski, Piotr Tebes, Juan Manuel EDAD DE HIERRO NOMADISMO METALURGIA ORIENTE MEDIO ARQUEOLOGIA COBRE Abstract: The final report on the Edom Lowlands Regional Archaeology Project concludes that local nomadic tribes created a complex polity at early Iron Age Faynan, in southern Jordan, that was responsible for a radical shift in copper production to an industrial scale. Erez Ben-Yosef has subsequently used these conclusions as the key example in a theoretical argument about the social complexity – and, usually, archaeological invisibility – of nomadic societies. A review of the archaeological evidence from Faynan indicates that the sudden change at the beginning of the 10th century BCE should not be attributed to local nomads. Evidence from the Wadi Fidan 40 cemetery – both material culture and chemical analysis of teeth – shows that its nomadic inhabitants did not actively participate in the copper industry. There is no evidence of a process of transition from nomadism to sedentarism at Faynan, and its architecture does not reflect any influence or antecedents in the archaeology of nomads. The evidence shows close material culture connections with the western Negev and the major site of Tel Masos. The scenario that best fits the evidence is that Masos took direct control of copper production at Faynan and developed it as an industrial site to exponentially increase the copper trade – Masos had the resources, technical skills, an architectural tradition, and connections to trade networks that the local nomads lacked, and which transformed Faynan. Hundreds of sites in the Negev Highlands were settled by pastoralists who found employment both in production and transport in the burgeoning copper industry. The industrial transformation of Faynan, along with the settlement of Tel Masos and the Negev Highlands sites, was short-lived, and lasted little more than a hundred years. 2024-06-18T19:48:22Z 2024-06-18T19:48:22Z 2024 Artículo Bienkowski, P., Tebes, J. M. Faynan, nomads and the western Negev in the Early Iron Age: a critical reappraisal [en línea]. Palestine Exploration Quarterly. 2024, febrero. doi: 10.1080/00310328.2023.2277628. Disponible en: https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/18313 0031-0328 (impreso) 1743-1301 (online) https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/18313 10.1080/00310328.2023.2277628 eng Acceso abierto http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ application/pdf Taylor & Francis Palestine Exploration Quarterly. 2024, febrero
institution Universidad Católica Argentina
institution_str I-33
repository_str R-139
collection Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA)
language Inglés
topic EDAD DE HIERRO
NOMADISMO
METALURGIA
ORIENTE MEDIO
ARQUEOLOGIA
COBRE
spellingShingle EDAD DE HIERRO
NOMADISMO
METALURGIA
ORIENTE MEDIO
ARQUEOLOGIA
COBRE
Bienkowski, Piotr
Tebes, Juan Manuel
Faynan, nomads and the western Negev in the Early Iron Age: a critical reappraisal
topic_facet EDAD DE HIERRO
NOMADISMO
METALURGIA
ORIENTE MEDIO
ARQUEOLOGIA
COBRE
description Abstract: The final report on the Edom Lowlands Regional Archaeology Project concludes that local nomadic tribes created a complex polity at early Iron Age Faynan, in southern Jordan, that was responsible for a radical shift in copper production to an industrial scale. Erez Ben-Yosef has subsequently used these conclusions as the key example in a theoretical argument about the social complexity – and, usually, archaeological invisibility – of nomadic societies. A review of the archaeological evidence from Faynan indicates that the sudden change at the beginning of the 10th century BCE should not be attributed to local nomads. Evidence from the Wadi Fidan 40 cemetery – both material culture and chemical analysis of teeth – shows that its nomadic inhabitants did not actively participate in the copper industry. There is no evidence of a process of transition from nomadism to sedentarism at Faynan, and its architecture does not reflect any influence or antecedents in the archaeology of nomads. The evidence shows close material culture connections with the western Negev and the major site of Tel Masos. The scenario that best fits the evidence is that Masos took direct control of copper production at Faynan and developed it as an industrial site to exponentially increase the copper trade – Masos had the resources, technical skills, an architectural tradition, and connections to trade networks that the local nomads lacked, and which transformed Faynan. Hundreds of sites in the Negev Highlands were settled by pastoralists who found employment both in production and transport in the burgeoning copper industry. The industrial transformation of Faynan, along with the settlement of Tel Masos and the Negev Highlands sites, was short-lived, and lasted little more than a hundred years.
format Artículo
author Bienkowski, Piotr
Tebes, Juan Manuel
author_facet Bienkowski, Piotr
Tebes, Juan Manuel
author_sort Bienkowski, Piotr
title Faynan, nomads and the western Negev in the Early Iron Age: a critical reappraisal
title_short Faynan, nomads and the western Negev in the Early Iron Age: a critical reappraisal
title_full Faynan, nomads and the western Negev in the Early Iron Age: a critical reappraisal
title_fullStr Faynan, nomads and the western Negev in the Early Iron Age: a critical reappraisal
title_full_unstemmed Faynan, nomads and the western Negev in the Early Iron Age: a critical reappraisal
title_sort faynan, nomads and the western negev in the early iron age: a critical reappraisal
publisher Taylor & Francis
publishDate 2024
url https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/18313
work_keys_str_mv AT bienkowskipiotr faynannomadsandthewesternnegevintheearlyironageacriticalreappraisal
AT tebesjuanmanuel faynannomadsandthewesternnegevintheearlyironageacriticalreappraisal
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