Immigrants’ contribution to development in the global south : comparing policy responses to venezuelan immigration in Peru and Argentina

Abstract: By April 2021, Venezuela’s multidimensional crisis had led over 5.6 million of the country’s citizens to emigrate, mostly across South America. This chapter offers a comparative analysis of national policy responses to Venezuelan immigration in Argentina and Peru from a development perspec...

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Autores principales: González Levaggi, Ariel, Feline Freier, Luisa
Formato: Parte de libro
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: Brill- Nijhoff 2023
Materias:
POLITICA MIGRATORIA
GOBERNANTES
SOCIEDAD CIVIL
SERVICIOS SOCIALES
MERCADO DE TRABAJO
Acceso en línea:https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/17174
Aporte de:
Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA) de Universidad Católica Argentina
id I33-R139-123456789-17174
record_format dspace
institution Universidad Católica Argentina
institution_str I-33
repository_str R-139
collection Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA)
language Inglés
topic POLITICA MIGRATORIA
GOBERNANTES
SOCIEDAD CIVIL
SERVICIOS SOCIALES
MERCADO DE TRABAJO
spellingShingle POLITICA MIGRATORIA
GOBERNANTES
SOCIEDAD CIVIL
SERVICIOS SOCIALES
MERCADO DE TRABAJO
González Levaggi, Ariel
Feline Freier, Luisa
Immigrants’ contribution to development in the global south : comparing policy responses to venezuelan immigration in Peru and Argentina
topic_facet POLITICA MIGRATORIA
GOBERNANTES
SOCIEDAD CIVIL
SERVICIOS SOCIALES
MERCADO DE TRABAJO
description Abstract: By April 2021, Venezuela’s multidimensional crisis had led over 5.6 million of the country’s citizens to emigrate, mostly across South America. This chapter offers a comparative analysis of national policy responses to Venezuelan immigration in Argentina and Peru from a development perspective in the period 2015‒2020. Although the government of each country recognised the potential of disproportionate numbers of highly skilled Venezuelan immigrants, Argentina has been more successful than Peru in offering them legal pathways to immigration and incorporating them into the formal labour market. Our key argument is that Argentina has been able to foster the integration of Venezuelans—in terms of granting regular status, validating academic and professional degrees and providing access to basic social services—for three reasons: first, the lower overall numbers and higher socio-economic characteristics of the migrants; second, Argentina’s progressive legislative immigration framework; and third, the prominent role of civil society actors lobbying for immigrants and pushing for more inclusive public policies. In the case of Peru, the rapid increase in numbers of immigrants has led to a surge in xenophobic public opinion, which has generated pressure to implement non-inclusive policies. The country’s new immigration law lacks institutional consolidation, and there is no strong civil society to act as a counterweight to restrictive policy developments. The chapter contributes to the literature on the migration–development nexus, pointing out the importance of state capacity and civil society when thinking about migration and development in the global South.
format Parte de libro
author González Levaggi, Ariel
Feline Freier, Luisa
author_facet González Levaggi, Ariel
Feline Freier, Luisa
author_sort González Levaggi, Ariel
title Immigrants’ contribution to development in the global south : comparing policy responses to venezuelan immigration in Peru and Argentina
title_short Immigrants’ contribution to development in the global south : comparing policy responses to venezuelan immigration in Peru and Argentina
title_full Immigrants’ contribution to development in the global south : comparing policy responses to venezuelan immigration in Peru and Argentina
title_fullStr Immigrants’ contribution to development in the global south : comparing policy responses to venezuelan immigration in Peru and Argentina
title_full_unstemmed Immigrants’ contribution to development in the global south : comparing policy responses to venezuelan immigration in Peru and Argentina
title_sort immigrants’ contribution to development in the global south : comparing policy responses to venezuelan immigration in peru and argentina
publisher Brill- Nijhoff
publishDate 2023
url https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/17174
work_keys_str_mv AT gonzalezlevaggiariel immigrantscontributiontodevelopmentintheglobalsouthcomparingpolicyresponsestovenezuelanimmigrationinperuandargentina
AT felinefreierluisa immigrantscontributiontodevelopmentintheglobalsouthcomparingpolicyresponsestovenezuelanimmigrationinperuandargentina
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spelling I33-R139-123456789-171742023-09-27T05:02:44Z Immigrants’ contribution to development in the global south : comparing policy responses to venezuelan immigration in Peru and Argentina González Levaggi, Ariel Feline Freier, Luisa POLITICA MIGRATORIA GOBERNANTES SOCIEDAD CIVIL SERVICIOS SOCIALES MERCADO DE TRABAJO Abstract: By April 2021, Venezuela’s multidimensional crisis had led over 5.6 million of the country’s citizens to emigrate, mostly across South America. This chapter offers a comparative analysis of national policy responses to Venezuelan immigration in Argentina and Peru from a development perspective in the period 2015‒2020. Although the government of each country recognised the potential of disproportionate numbers of highly skilled Venezuelan immigrants, Argentina has been more successful than Peru in offering them legal pathways to immigration and incorporating them into the formal labour market. Our key argument is that Argentina has been able to foster the integration of Venezuelans—in terms of granting regular status, validating academic and professional degrees and providing access to basic social services—for three reasons: first, the lower overall numbers and higher socio-economic characteristics of the migrants; second, Argentina’s progressive legislative immigration framework; and third, the prominent role of civil society actors lobbying for immigrants and pushing for more inclusive public policies. In the case of Peru, the rapid increase in numbers of immigrants has led to a surge in xenophobic public opinion, which has generated pressure to implement non-inclusive policies. The country’s new immigration law lacks institutional consolidation, and there is no strong civil society to act as a counterweight to restrictive policy developments. The chapter contributes to the literature on the migration–development nexus, pointing out the importance of state capacity and civil society when thinking about migration and development in the global South. Resumen: En abril de 2021, la crisis multidimensional de Venezuela había llevado a más de 5,6 millones de ciudadanos a emigrar, en su mayoría a través de Sudamérica. Este capítulo ofrece un análisis comparativo de las respuestas de políticas nacionales a la inmigración venezolana en Argentina y Perú desde una perspectiva de desarrollo y en el período 2015-2020. Aunque el gobierno de cada país reconoció el potencial de un número desproporcionado de inmigrantes venezolanos altamente cualificados, Argentina ha tenido más éxito que Perú en ofrecerles vías legales para la inmigración e incorporarlos al mercado laboral formal. Nuestro argumento clave es que Argentina ha podido fomentar la integración de los venezolanos -en términos de concesión de estatus regular, convalidación de títulos académicos y profesionales y acceso a los servicios sociales básicos- por tres razones: en primer lugar, el menor número total y las características socioeconómicas más altas de los inmigrantes; en segundo lugar, el marco legislativo progresista de Argentina en materia de inmigración; y en tercer lugar, el destacado papel de los actores de la sociedad civil que hacen presión en favor de los inmigrantes y de políticas públicas más inclusivas. En el caso de Perú, el rápido aumento del número de inmigrantes ha provocado un crecimiento de la opinión pública xenófoba, que ha generado presiones para aplicar políticas públicas no inclusivas. La nueva ley de inmigración carece de consolidación institucional y no existe una sociedad civil fuerte que actúe como contrapeso a esas políticas públicas restrictivas. El capítulo contribuye a la literatura sobre el nexo entre migración y desarrollo, señalando la importancia de la capacidad del Estado y de la sociedad civil en el momento de pensar en la migración y el desarrollo en el Sur global. Résumé: En avril 2021, la crise multidimensionnelle du Venezuela avait conduit plus de 5,6 millions de citoyens à émigrer, principalement en Amérique du Sud. Ce chapitre propose une analyse comparative des réponses politiques nationales à l'immigration vénézuélienne, en Argentine et au Pérou, dans une perspective de développement et sur la période 2015-2020. Bien que le gouvernement de chaque pays ait reconnu le potentiel d'un nombre disproportionné d'immigrants vénézuéliens hautement qualifiés, l'Argentine a mieux réussi que le Pérou à leur offrir des voies légales d'immigration et à les intégrer au marché du travail formel. Notre argument principal est que l'Argentine a été en mesure de favoriser l'intégration des Vénézuéliens -en termes d'octroi d'un statut régulier, de validation des diplômes universitaires et professionnels et d'accès aux services sociaux de base- pour trois raisons : premièrement, le nombre global plus faible et les caractéristiques socio-économiques plus élevées des migrants; deuxièmement, le cadre législatif progressiste de l'Argentine en matière d'immigration; et troisièmement, le rôle prépondérant des acteurs de la société civile qui font pression en faveur des immigrants et pour des politiques publiques plus inclusives. Dans le cas du Pérou, l'augmentation rapide du nombre d'immigrants a entraîné une montée de l'opinion publique xénophobe, faisant pression en faveur de politiques publiques non inclusives. La nouvelle loi sur l'immigration manque de consolidation institutionnelle et il n'existe pas de société civile forte pour faire contrepoids à la mise en place de politiques publiques restrictives. Ce chapitre contribue à la littérature sur les liens entre migrations et développement en montrant la place déterminante des capacités de l’Etat et de la société civile dans les réflexions sur les migrations et le développement dans les pays du Sud. 2023-09-26T18:06:31Z 2023-09-26T18:06:31Z 2022 Parte de libro González Levaggi, A., Feline Freier, L. Immigrants’ contribution to development in the global south : comparing policy responses to venezuelan immigration in Peru and Argentina [en línea]. En: Degila, E. Valle, M. (eds.) Governing Migration for Development from the Global Souths, International Development Policy : revue internationale de politique de développement, 14. Paises Bajos : Graduate Institute Publications; Brill-Nijhoff, 2022. doi: 10.4000/poldev.4963. Disponible en: https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/17174 https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/17174 10.4000/poldev.4963 eng Acceso abierto http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ application/pdf Brill- Nijhoff Geneva Graduate Institute Publications Degila, E. Valle, M. (eds.) Governing Migration for Development from the Global Souths, International Development Policy : revue internationale de politique de développement, 14. Paises Bajos : Graduate Institute Publications; Brill-Nijhoff, 2022

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