Bokoko: an experience of interethnic coexistence in Spanish Guinea during World War I (1916-1919)

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The neutrality adopted by Spain during the First World War was compromised in its colonial possessions in the Gulf of Guinea. The war in the German colony of Cameroon, neighboring the Spanish territory of Río Muni, caused a humanitarian crisis of enormous proportions. The German colonial army, along...

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Autor principal: Font Gavira, Carlos
Formato: Artículo revista
Lenguaje:Español
Publicado: Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires 2025
Materias:
Cameroon
Spanish Guinea
Bokoko
Internment
First World War
Camerún
Guinea Española
Internación
Primera Guerra Mundial
Acceso en línea:http://revistascientificas.filo.uba.ar/index.php/historiayguerra/article/view/16817
Aporte de:
Historia y guerra de Universidad de Buenos Aires
id I28-R255-article-16817
record_format ojs
spelling I28-R255-article-168172025-07-23T13:50:10Z Bokoko: an experience of interethnic coexistence in Spanish Guinea during World War I (1916-1919) Bokoko: una experiencia de convivencia interétnica en la Guinea Española durante la Primera Guerra Mundial (1916-1919) Font Gavira, Carlos Cameroon Spanish Guinea Bokoko Internment First World War Camerún Guinea Española Bokoko Internación Primera Guerra Mundial The neutrality adopted by Spain during the First World War was compromised in its colonial possessions in the Gulf of Guinea. The war in the German colony of Cameroon, neighboring the Spanish territory of Río Muni, caused a humanitarian crisis of enormous proportions. The German colonial army, along with its African troops (askaris), was followed by thousands of Cameroonian civilians made up of entire families (women, the elderly and children). The Spanish government moved the Germans and their African soldiers to the island of Fernando Poo, where they were established in several camps under a military organization. The space dedicated to Cameroonian civilians was named Bokoko. We explore this experience where different Cameroonian ethnic groups coexisted under the protection of Spanish neutrality. The link between them was their support for the Germans, voluntary or forced, which was vital to understanding the basis of indigenous support for colonial power. La neutralidad adoptada por España, durante la Primera Guerra Mundial, estuvo comprometida en sus posesiones coloniales del Golfo de Guinea. La guerra en la colonia alemana de Camerún, vecina del territorio español de Río Muni, provocó una crisis humanitaria de enormes proporciones. El ejército colonial alemán junto a sus tropas africanas (askaris) fue seguido por  miles de civiles cameruneses compuestos de familias enteras (mujeres, ancianos y niños). El gobierno español trasladó a los alemanes y sus soldados africanos a la isla de Fernando Poo donde fueron establecidos en varios campamentos bajo una organización militar. El espacio dedicado a los civiles cameruneses recibió el nombre de Bokoko. Exploramos esta experiencia donde convivieron distintos grupos étnicos cameruneses bajo el amparo de la neutralidad española. El nexo de unión de todos ellos era su apoyo  a los alemanes, voluntario o forzado, clave para entender las bases de apoyo indígena al poder colonial. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires 2025-03-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Artículos Articles Artigos application/pdf application/octet-stream http://revistascientificas.filo.uba.ar/index.php/historiayguerra/article/view/16817 10.34096/hyg.n7.16817 Historia & Guerra; No 7 (2025): January-June; 146-165 Historia & Guerra; Núm. 7 (2025): Enero-Junio; 146-165 2796-8650 spa http://revistascientificas.filo.uba.ar/index.php/historiayguerra/article/view/16817/14138 http://revistascientificas.filo.uba.ar/index.php/historiayguerra/article/view/16817/14168 Derechos de autor 2025 Carlos Font Gavira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
institution Universidad de Buenos Aires
institution_str I-28
repository_str R-255
container_title_str Historia y guerra
language Español
format Artículo revista
topic Cameroon
Spanish Guinea
Bokoko
Internment
First World War
Camerún
Guinea Española
Bokoko
Internación
Primera Guerra Mundial
spellingShingle Cameroon
Spanish Guinea
Bokoko
Internment
First World War
Camerún
Guinea Española
Bokoko
Internación
Primera Guerra Mundial
Font Gavira, Carlos
Bokoko: an experience of interethnic coexistence in Spanish Guinea during World War I (1916-1919)
topic_facet Cameroon
Spanish Guinea
Bokoko
Internment
First World War
Camerún
Guinea Española
Bokoko
Internación
Primera Guerra Mundial
author Font Gavira, Carlos
author_facet Font Gavira, Carlos
author_sort Font Gavira, Carlos
title Bokoko: an experience of interethnic coexistence in Spanish Guinea during World War I (1916-1919)
title_short Bokoko: an experience of interethnic coexistence in Spanish Guinea during World War I (1916-1919)
title_full Bokoko: an experience of interethnic coexistence in Spanish Guinea during World War I (1916-1919)
title_fullStr Bokoko: an experience of interethnic coexistence in Spanish Guinea during World War I (1916-1919)
title_full_unstemmed Bokoko: an experience of interethnic coexistence in Spanish Guinea during World War I (1916-1919)
title_sort bokoko: an experience of interethnic coexistence in spanish guinea during world war i (1916-1919)
description The neutrality adopted by Spain during the First World War was compromised in its colonial possessions in the Gulf of Guinea. The war in the German colony of Cameroon, neighboring the Spanish territory of Río Muni, caused a humanitarian crisis of enormous proportions. The German colonial army, along with its African troops (askaris), was followed by thousands of Cameroonian civilians made up of entire families (women, the elderly and children). The Spanish government moved the Germans and their African soldiers to the island of Fernando Poo, where they were established in several camps under a military organization. The space dedicated to Cameroonian civilians was named Bokoko. We explore this experience where different Cameroonian ethnic groups coexisted under the protection of Spanish neutrality. The link between them was their support for the Germans, voluntary or forced, which was vital to understanding the basis of indigenous support for colonial power.
publisher Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires
publishDate 2025
url http://revistascientificas.filo.uba.ar/index.php/historiayguerra/article/view/16817
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first_indexed 2025-03-24T05:15:52Z
last_indexed 2025-08-13T08:54:50Z
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