Ecoepidemiología de Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda, Digenea) en la Región Cordillerana de Río Negro
Fasciolosis, also known as distomatosis, is a parasitic disease of global distribution caused by the trematode Fasciola hepatica. This parasite affects a wide variety of herbivorous animals and some omnivores, including humans. In Argentina, animal fasciolosis is endemic, being present in all provin...
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| Formato: | Tesis doctoral acceptedVersion |
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Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias
2025
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| Acceso en línea: | http://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/cgi-bin/library.cgi?a=d&c=avaposgra&cl=CL1&d=HWA_7980 https://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/collect/avaposgra/index/assoc/HWA_7980.dir/7980.PDF |
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| Sumario: | Fasciolosis, also known as distomatosis, is a parasitic disease of global distribution caused by the trematode Fasciola hepatica. This parasite affects a wide variety of herbivorous animals and some omnivores, including humans. In Argentina, animal fasciolosis is endemic, being present in all provinces except Tierra del Fuego. In particular, high prevalence rates have been reported in sheep and cattle in the Patagonian region, posing a serious veterinary problem and causing significant economic losses.\nFor the disease to become established in a given area, the definitive and intermediate hosts must coexist, and environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity must be suitable for the development of the miracidium and larval stages in the snail. Climatic characteristics play a decisive role in determining the periods of highest infestation risk and its annual incidence. The disease thrives in environments conducive to the intermediate snail host, such as regions with moderate to heavy rainfall, swampy valleys, and areas with streams or irrigation channels in drier regions. Additionally, environmental modifications, including the creation of irrigation systems, artificial water points, or flooding to improve forage quality and availability, expand the habitat suitable for the proliferation of lymnaeid snails, thereby increasing the risk of fasciolosis. Furthermore, climate change may exacerbate the risk of parasitism in livestock.\nThe treatment of fasciolosis in production animals primarily relies on administering antiparasitic drugs to the definitive host to eliminate the causal agent and interrupt egg excretion in feces. However, control programs often neglect critical factors such as environmental conditions, livestock management practices, and the presence and distribution of lymnaeid snails in grazing areas. These elements are crucial for the success of treatment strategies and the reduction of pasture contamination with F. hepatica eggs.\nMoreover, in Patagonia, resistance of F. hepatica to various drugs has been reported, which in some cases restricts the use of antiparasitics effective against this parasite.\nThe study of the ecoepidemiology of fasciolosis in a specific area involves a comprehensive understanding of the definitive host species present and their susceptibility to the parasite, as well as the correct identification, location, and classification of lymnaeid snail species, their population dynamics, and the detection of F. hepatica in snails.\nIdentifying temporal and spatial patterns of occurrence is essential to determine risk areas and reduce parasite transmission while conducting infestation prevalence estimates at the farm level. This approach enables the design and implementation of effective control programs aimed at preventing or limiting the contact between the definitive host and the parasite through appropriate and sustainable management strategies. |
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