Estudios de biodisponibilidad y ecotoxicidad de Cromo en matrices...
This work was done in the Municipality of Belén - Department of Nariño - Colombia, a sector\nwhere 44 tanneries operate, making the tanning industry the main economic activity in this\nregion. In this area, these industries are characterized by the low level of technology in their\nprocesses, the hi...
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| Formato: | Tesis doctoral acceptedVersion |
| Lenguaje: | Español |
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Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias
2023
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| Acceso en línea: | http://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/cgi-bin/library.cgi?a=d&c=avaposgra&cl=CL1&d=HWA_7204 https://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/collect/avaposgra/index/assoc/HWA_7204.dir/7204.PDF |
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I28-R145-HWA_7204 |
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dspace |
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Universidad de Buenos Aires |
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I-28 |
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R-145 |
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Repositorio Digital de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) |
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Español |
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spa |
| topic |
Cromo Curtiembre Ligando Biotico Ligand biotique Tannerie Chromo Medio Ambiente Ecotoxicidad Ciencias Veterinarias |
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Cromo Curtiembre Ligando Biotico Ligand biotique Tannerie Chromo Medio Ambiente Ecotoxicidad Ciencias Veterinarias Castillo Parra, Carol Andrea Estudios de biodisponibilidad y ecotoxicidad de Cromo en matrices... |
| topic_facet |
Cromo Curtiembre Ligando Biotico Ligand biotique Tannerie Chromo Medio Ambiente Ecotoxicidad Ciencias Veterinarias |
| description |
This work was done in the Municipality of Belén - Department of Nariño - Colombia, a sector\nwhere 44 tanneries operate, making the tanning industry the main economic activity in this\nregion. In this area, these industries are characterized by the low level of technology in their\nprocesses, the high load of chemical substances present in their effluents, and the absence of\nwaste treatment processes. The effluents resulting from the tanning process in Belén are\ndischarged into the Mocondino stream, a small stream that crosses the city. therefore, the\ngeneral objective of this work was established to determine the bioavailability and toxic effects\nof Chromium (Cr) in the Mocondino stream, Department of Nariño, through the design and\nvalidation of a toxicity evaluation model, which allows predicting the effects of Cr under\ncertain conditions of the water column.\nInitially, in order to quantify the chemical substances generated in each stage of the tanning\nprocess and to measure the relationship that exists between the products discharged into the\ntributary and the Cr levels found in the environmental matrices, specific samples of effluents\nfrom four processes were collected: soaking, unhairing, deliming and tanning. It was found that\nthe physicochemical parameters determined in all stages exceeded the values allowed by\nColombian environmental legislation for the punctual discharge of wastewater to surface water\nbodies. It was found that the industries with the lowest production discharged effluents with\nhigher concentrations of total Cr. In the case of solid waste, the leather shavings were\ncharacterized, where a Cr concentration higher than the maximum levels considered by\nenvironmental legislation for the disposal of these wastes was found.\nWith the purpose of studying the mobility of Cr between the environmental matrices, the levels\nof metal in the water, soil, sediment and biota matrices were quantified throughout six sampling\nstations: the first two corresponding to the sector upstream of the discharge of effluents; stations\nIII and IV coinciding with the discharge points and stations V and VI located downstream of\nthe discharges. In the first two stations, no Cr levels were detected in any of the analyzed\nmatrices. From station III, traces of the metal were found in all the matrices studied, with the\nhighest Cr levels coinciding with the proximity to the effluent discharge points. In the last two\nstations, the metal levels decreased significantly. The comparison of Cr levels between\nmatrices made it evident that there is transfer from the water to the other matrices studied, with\nsediments being the matrix where the highest Cr levels were found, confirming the transfer of\nmetal from the aqueous system. Of the Cr levels determined in the matrices, only in the water\ndid they exceed the maximum admissible values. Regarding metal speciation, it was found that in all environmental compartments the dominant species was Cr (III).\nTo determine the phytotoxic effects of the matrices with Cr content, acute toxicity tests were carried out in the Lactuca sativa and Brachiaria humídicola models. Using water from the Mocondino stream and the effluent from the tanning process as a culture medium, the percentage of inhibition in root growth was quantified. With the soil and sediment from the effluent discharge areas, the percentage of inhibition in biomass production was determined.\nHigher percentages of inhibition were found with the effluent as a growth medium. The\npercentages of inhibition in biomass production, found at the effluent discharge point, for the\nsoil and sediment matrices, are higher than expected for the Cr concentrations at that point.\nIn order to determine the most influential physicochemical parameters in the availability of Cr\nand therefore in its toxicity, acute toxicity tests in water were designed, determining mortality \nin three organisms: Daphnia magna, Oreochromis sp (Red Tilapia) and Myleus pacu. (Pacú),\na factorial experimental design, with 5 variables: pH, Hardness, Dissolved Organic Carbon\n(COD), Cr (VI) and Cr (III), with two levels for the first three variables and two levels for the\nvariables Cr (VI) and Cr (III). The results obtained were analyzed through the use of general\nlinearized models, finding higher mortalities associated with high concentrations of Cr (VI)\nand low concentrations of COD and hardness. The comparison of the results obtained with the\norganisms used, indicated that the Daphnia and Tilapia models presented similar behaviors,\nwith high sensitivity to metal. The Pacú model presented higher mortalities than those\npresented with Daphnia and Tilapia.\nConsidering the Pacú model as the most consistent among the organisms studied, it was used,\nunder the Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) approach, to estimate the Cr concentration in the\ndischarged effluents that could cause lethal and sublethal effects under the conditions of the\nwater column in the Mocondino creek. The model showed as a result that Cr levels in the\neffluent much higher than what is established by environmental regulations, in the order of\nbetween 20 and 35 mg/L of Cr, could cause a mortality rate between 25 and 30%.\n\nThe application of the BLM in this study is a contribution that allows estimating the\nbioavailability and toxicity of Cr introduced into the area through effluent discharges from\ntanning industries, in order to properly manage resources to minimize the impacts produced on\nhealth. human and environmental. |
| author2 |
Pérez Carrera, Alejo Leopoldo |
| author_facet |
Pérez Carrera, Alejo Leopoldo Castillo Parra, Carol Andrea |
| format |
Tesis doctoral Tesis doctoral acceptedVersion |
| author |
Castillo Parra, Carol Andrea |
| author_sort |
Castillo Parra, Carol Andrea |
| title |
Estudios de biodisponibilidad y ecotoxicidad de Cromo en matrices... |
| title_short |
Estudios de biodisponibilidad y ecotoxicidad de Cromo en matrices... |
| title_full |
Estudios de biodisponibilidad y ecotoxicidad de Cromo en matrices... |
| title_fullStr |
Estudios de biodisponibilidad y ecotoxicidad de Cromo en matrices... |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Estudios de biodisponibilidad y ecotoxicidad de Cromo en matrices... |
| title_sort |
estudios de biodisponibilidad y ecotoxicidad de cromo en matrices... |
| publisher |
Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias |
| publishDate |
2023 |
| url |
http://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/cgi-bin/library.cgi?a=d&c=avaposgra&cl=CL1&d=HWA_7204 https://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/collect/avaposgra/index/assoc/HWA_7204.dir/7204.PDF |
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AT castilloparracarolandrea estudiosdebiodisponibilidadyecotoxicidaddecromoenmatrices AT castilloparracarolandrea estudiosdebiodisponibilidadyecotoxicidaddecromoenmatricesambientalesaplicaciondelmodeloligandobiotico |
| _version_ |
1824356461964165120 |
| spelling |
I28-R145-HWA_72042024-08-27 Estudios de biodisponibilidad y ecotoxicidad de Cromo en matrices... This work was done in the Municipality of Belén - Department of Nariño - Colombia, a sector\nwhere 44 tanneries operate, making the tanning industry the main economic activity in this\nregion. In this area, these industries are characterized by the low level of technology in their\nprocesses, the high load of chemical substances present in their effluents, and the absence of\nwaste treatment processes. The effluents resulting from the tanning process in Belén are\ndischarged into the Mocondino stream, a small stream that crosses the city. therefore, the\ngeneral objective of this work was established to determine the bioavailability and toxic effects\nof Chromium (Cr) in the Mocondino stream, Department of Nariño, through the design and\nvalidation of a toxicity evaluation model, which allows predicting the effects of Cr under\ncertain conditions of the water column.\nInitially, in order to quantify the chemical substances generated in each stage of the tanning\nprocess and to measure the relationship that exists between the products discharged into the\ntributary and the Cr levels found in the environmental matrices, specific samples of effluents\nfrom four processes were collected: soaking, unhairing, deliming and tanning. It was found that\nthe physicochemical parameters determined in all stages exceeded the values allowed by\nColombian environmental legislation for the punctual discharge of wastewater to surface water\nbodies. It was found that the industries with the lowest production discharged effluents with\nhigher concentrations of total Cr. In the case of solid waste, the leather shavings were\ncharacterized, where a Cr concentration higher than the maximum levels considered by\nenvironmental legislation for the disposal of these wastes was found.\nWith the purpose of studying the mobility of Cr between the environmental matrices, the levels\nof metal in the water, soil, sediment and biota matrices were quantified throughout six sampling\nstations: the first two corresponding to the sector upstream of the discharge of effluents; stations\nIII and IV coinciding with the discharge points and stations V and VI located downstream of\nthe discharges. In the first two stations, no Cr levels were detected in any of the analyzed\nmatrices. From station III, traces of the metal were found in all the matrices studied, with the\nhighest Cr levels coinciding with the proximity to the effluent discharge points. In the last two\nstations, the metal levels decreased significantly. The comparison of Cr levels between\nmatrices made it evident that there is transfer from the water to the other matrices studied, with\nsediments being the matrix where the highest Cr levels were found, confirming the transfer of\nmetal from the aqueous system. Of the Cr levels determined in the matrices, only in the water\ndid they exceed the maximum admissible values. Regarding metal speciation, it was found that in all environmental compartments the dominant species was Cr (III).\nTo determine the phytotoxic effects of the matrices with Cr content, acute toxicity tests were carried out in the Lactuca sativa and Brachiaria humídicola models. Using water from the Mocondino stream and the effluent from the tanning process as a culture medium, the percentage of inhibition in root growth was quantified. With the soil and sediment from the effluent discharge areas, the percentage of inhibition in biomass production was determined.\nHigher percentages of inhibition were found with the effluent as a growth medium. The\npercentages of inhibition in biomass production, found at the effluent discharge point, for the\nsoil and sediment matrices, are higher than expected for the Cr concentrations at that point.\nIn order to determine the most influential physicochemical parameters in the availability of Cr\nand therefore in its toxicity, acute toxicity tests in water were designed, determining mortality \nin three organisms: Daphnia magna, Oreochromis sp (Red Tilapia) and Myleus pacu. (Pacú),\na factorial experimental design, with 5 variables: pH, Hardness, Dissolved Organic Carbon\n(COD), Cr (VI) and Cr (III), with two levels for the first three variables and two levels for the\nvariables Cr (VI) and Cr (III). The results obtained were analyzed through the use of general\nlinearized models, finding higher mortalities associated with high concentrations of Cr (VI)\nand low concentrations of COD and hardness. The comparison of the results obtained with the\norganisms used, indicated that the Daphnia and Tilapia models presented similar behaviors,\nwith high sensitivity to metal. The Pacú model presented higher mortalities than those\npresented with Daphnia and Tilapia.\nConsidering the Pacú model as the most consistent among the organisms studied, it was used,\nunder the Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) approach, to estimate the Cr concentration in the\ndischarged effluents that could cause lethal and sublethal effects under the conditions of the\nwater column in the Mocondino creek. The model showed as a result that Cr levels in the\neffluent much higher than what is established by environmental regulations, in the order of\nbetween 20 and 35 mg/L of Cr, could cause a mortality rate between 25 and 30%.\n\nThe application of the BLM in this study is a contribution that allows estimating the\nbioavailability and toxicity of Cr introduced into the area through effluent discharges from\ntanning industries, in order to properly manage resources to minimize the impacts produced on\nhealth. human and environmental. Fil: Castillo Parra, Carol Andrea. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Buenos Aires, Argentina Pérez Carrera, Alejo Leopoldo Castillo Parra, Carol Andrea 2023-08-31 El presente trabajo se desarrolló en el Municipio de Belén - Departamento de Nariño -\nColombia, un sector donde funcionan 44 curtiembres, convirtiendo a la industria curtidora en\nla principal actividad económica de esta región. En esta zona, estas industrias se caracterizan\npor la poca tecnificación de sus procesos, alta carga de sustancias químicas presente en sus\nefluentes y ausencia de procesos de tratamiento de sus desechos. Los efluentes resultantes del\nproceso de curtido en Belén, son vertidos en la quebrada Mocondino, una pequeña corriente de\nagua que atraviesa la ciudad. Por lo tanto, se planteó como objetivo general de este trabajo\ndeterminar la biodisponibilidad y efectos tóxicos de Cromo (Cr) en la quebrada Mocondino,\nDepartamento de Nariño, mediante el diseño y validación de un modelo de evaluación de\ntoxicidad, que permita predecir los efectos del Cr en determinadas condiciones de la columna\nde agua.\nInicialmente, con el objeto de cuantificar las sustancias químicas generadas en cada etapa del\nproceso de curtido y dimensionar la relación que existe entre los productos vertidos al afluente\ny los niveles de Cr encontrados en las matrices ambientales, se colectaron muestras puntuales\nde efluentes de cuatro procesos: remojo, pelambre, desencalado y curtido. Se encontró que los\nparámetros fisicoquímicos determinados en todas las etapas, excedían los valores permitidos\npor la legislación ambiental colombiana para el vertimiento puntual de aguas residuales a\ncuerpos de agua superficiales. Se encontró que las industrias de menor producción vertían\nefluentes con mayores concentraciones de Cr total. En el caso de los residuos sólidos, se\ncaracterizó la viruta de cuero, donde se encontró una concentración de Cr superior a los niveles\nmáximos considerados por la legislación ambiental para la disposición estos desechos.\nCon el propósito de estudiar la movilidad del Cr entre las matrices ambientales se cuantificaron\nlos niveles de metal en las matrices agua, suelo, sedimento y biota a lo largo de seis estaciones\nde muestro: las dos primeras correspondientes al sector aguas arriba de la descarga de efluentes;\nla estación III y IV coincidiendo con los puntos de descarga y las estaciones V y VI ubicadas\naguas abajo de las descargas. En las dos primeras estaciones no se detectaron niveles de Cr,\nen ninguna de las matrices analizadas. A partir de la estación III se encontraron trazas del metal\nen todas las matrices estudiadas, coincidiendo los niveles más altos de Cr con la proximidad a\nlos puntos de vertimiento de los efluentes, en las dos últimas estaciones los niveles del metal\ndisminuyeron ostensiblemente. La comparación de los niveles de Cr entre matrices hizo\nevidente que existe transferencia desde el agua a las otras matrices estudiadas, siendo los\nsedimentos, la matriz donde se encontraron los más altos niveles de Cr confirmando la\ntransferencia del metal desde el sistema acuoso. De los niveles de Cr determinados en las\nmatrices, solo en el agua superaron los valores máximos admisibles. Con respecto a la\nespeciación del metal, se encontró que en todos los compartimientos ambientales la especie\ndominante era el Cr (III).\nPara determinar los efectos fitotóxicos de las matrices con contenido de Cr se realizaron\nensayos de toxicidad aguda en los modelos Lactuca sativa y Brachiaria humidícola. Usando\ncomo medio de cultivo agua de la quebrada Mocondino y el efluente del proceso de curtido, se\ncuantificó el porcentaje de inhibición en el crecimiento radicular. Con el suelo y el sedimento\nde las zonas de descarga de efluentes se determinó el porcentaje de inhibición en la producción\nde biomasa. Se encontraron mayores porcentajes de inhibición con el efluente como medio de\ncrecimiento. Los porcentajes de inhibición en la producción de biomasa, encontrados en el \npunto de descarga de efluentes, para las matrices suelo y sedimento, son mayores a lo esperado\npara las concentraciones de Cr en ese punto.\nCon el objeto de determinar los parámetros fisicoquímicos más influyentes en la disponibilidad\ndel Cr y por lo tanto en su toxicidad, se diseñaron pruebas de toxicidad aguda en agua,\ndeterminando mortalidad en tres organismos: Daphnia magna, Oreochromis sp (Tilapia Roja)\ny Myleus pacu (Pacú), un diseño experimental factorial, con 5 variables: pH, dureza, Carbono\nOrgánico Disuelto (COD), Cr (VI) y Cr (III), con dos niveles para las tres primeras variables y\ndos niveles para las variables Cr (VI) y Cr (III). Los resultados obtenidos se analizaron\nmediante el uso de los modelos generales linealizados encontrando mayores mortalidades\nasociadas a altas concentraciones de Cr (VI) y bajas concentraciones de COD y dureza. La\ncomparación de los resultados obtenidos con los organismos utilizados indicó que los modelos\nDaphnia y Tilapia presentaron comportamientos similares, con alta sensibilidad al metal. El modelo Pacú presentó mortalidades superiores a las presentadas con Daphnia y Tilapia.\nConsiderando el modelo Pacú como el más consistente entre los organismos estudiados, se\nutilizó para, bajo el enfoque del Modelo del Ligando Biótico (BLM), estimar la concentración de Cr en los efluentes vertidos que podrían causar efectos letales y subletales en las condiciones de la columna de agua en la quebrada Mocondino. El modelo arrojó como resultado que niveles\nde Cr en el efluente muy superiores a lo establecido por la normatividad ambiental, en el orden\nde entre 20 y 35 mg/L de Cr podrían causar un porcentaje de mortalidad entre 25 y 30%.\nLa aplicación del BLM en este estudio es una contribución que permite estimar la\nbiodisponibilidad y toxicidad del Cr introducido en la zona a través de las descargas de\nefluentes de las industrias curtidoras, a fin de gestionar adecuadamente los recursos para minimizar los impactos producidos en la salud humana y ambiental. application/pdf Cromo Curtiembre Ligando Biotico Ligand biotique Tannerie Chromo spa Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-ncnd/2.5/ar/ Medio Ambiente Ecotoxicidad Ciencias Veterinarias Doctora de Universidad de Buenos Aires en Ciencias Veterinarias Estudios de biodisponibilidad y ecotoxicidad de Cromo en matrices ambientales. Aplicación del modelo Ligando Biotico info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis info:ar-repo/semantics/tesis doctoral info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion http://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/cgi-bin/library.cgi?a=d&c=avaposgra&cl=CL1&d=HWA_7204 https://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/collect/avaposgra/index/assoc/HWA_7204.dir/7204.PDF |