7203

Changes in the environment can increase the contact rate between wild and domestic species and favor the transmission of pathogens in both directions. Wetlands are among the most diverse and productive ecosystems in the world. In Argentina there are the San Nicolás Nucleus (SNN) in Esteros del Iberá...

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Autor principal:	Berra, Yanina
Otros Autores:	Orozco, Marcela
Formato:	Tesis doctoral acceptedVersion
Lenguaje:	Español
Publicado:	Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias 2023
Materias:	Humedales Interfase Análisis espacial Carga parasitaria Cryptosporidium spp Wetlands Interface Spatial analysis Parasite load Cryptosporidium spp. Enfermedades parasitarias Animales domésticos Animales salvajes Ciencias Veterinarias
Acceso en línea:	http://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/cgi-bin/library.cgi?a=d&c=avaposgra&cl=CL1&d=HWA_7203 https://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/collect/avaposgra/index/assoc/HWA_7203.dir/7203.PDF
Aporte de:	Repositorio Digital de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) de Universidad de Buenos Aires

id	I28-R145-HWA_7203
record_format	dspace
institution	Universidad de Buenos Aires
institution_str	I-28
repository_str	R-145
collection	Repositorio Digital de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)
language	Español
orig_language_str_mv	spa
topic	Humedales Interfase Análisis espacial Carga parasitaria Cryptosporidium spp Wetlands Interface Spatial analysis Parasite load Cryptosporidium spp Cryptosporidium spp. Enfermedades parasitarias Animales domésticos Animales salvajes Ciencias Veterinarias
spellingShingle	Humedales Interfase Análisis espacial Carga parasitaria Cryptosporidium spp Wetlands Interface Spatial analysis Parasite load Cryptosporidium spp Cryptosporidium spp. Enfermedades parasitarias Animales domésticos Animales salvajes Ciencias Veterinarias Berra, Yanina 7203
topic_facet	Humedales Interfase Análisis espacial Carga parasitaria Cryptosporidium spp Wetlands Interface Spatial analysis Parasite load Cryptosporidium spp Cryptosporidium spp. Enfermedades parasitarias Animales domésticos Animales salvajes Ciencias Veterinarias
description	Changes in the environment can increase the contact rate between wild and domestic species and favor the transmission of pathogens in both directions. Wetlands are among the most diverse and productive ecosystems in the world. In Argentina there are the San Nicolás Nucleus (SNN) in Esteros del Iberá and the Ciervo de los Pantanos National Park (CPNP) in the Lower Delta of Paraná River. Within its diverse fauna, the presence of the marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus)\nstands out, whose subpopulation in the Paraná Delta is categorized as "Endangered" and that of\nEsteros del Iberá as "Nearly Threatened". Both areas have undergone environmental modifications, predisposing to morbidity and mortality events in domestic and wild animal\npopulations associated with adverse climatic events, high parasite loads and infection by multihost parasites such as Cryptosporidium spp. whose risk of infection increases when a shared use\nof the environment occurs.\nThe general objective of this thesis is to analyze the eco-epidemiological factors associated with infection by nematodes and protozoa and to use Cryptosporidium spp. as an infection model\nin fecal samples from domestic (cows, horses, sheep, and dogs) and wild (marsh deer, capybaras, and gray fox) animal hosts that inhabit the SNN and CPNP.\nDuring 2017 and 2018, samples of fecal matter from the environment were obtained through\nconvenience sampling, with a transect line design in both study areas. The samples were georeferenced. Nine environmental variables were recorded for the classification of the transects\nin: core, interface and edge. The modified Wisconsin qualitative-quantitative technique was performed to determine the parasite load in eggs per gram (EPG) and oocysts per gram (OPG) and the parasite genera present. For the diagnosis of Cryptosporidium spp., the samples were concentrated and stained by modified Ziehl Neelsen. DNA was extracted and amplified by nestedPCR for the 18S rRNA gene (genus specific) and GP60 protein (C. parvum subtyping). The\nproducts obtained were purified for sequencing. Statistical and spatial analysis was performed\nand linear multivariate logistic regression models were developed.\nIn SNN, an anthropization gradient was observed, being higher in the border areas, and lower in the core areas. A total of 629 samples were collected, being the interface zone the one that presented significantly higher values of parasite load. A spatial cluster was identified for samples with a high HPG load located in an interface area that was associated with the presence of horses\nand capybaras, and with the cold season. In the CPNP, all the transects were classified as interface. A total of 159 samples were collected. The highest HPG values were found in dog\nsamples and the highest OPG values in capybara samples. The transect 1 (T1) had the highest values for the HPG and for the OPG, together with T4. Dog, marsh deer, and capybara samples were spatially associated. In total, 12 parasitic genera were identified, of which 6 were found in both domestic and wild species. It was determined 16.8% in SNN and 27,7% in CPNP of samples positive for Cryptosporidium spp. In both areas, the highest frequency was in marsh deer. 5,7%\nof the positive samples were confirmed by nested-PCR 18s rRNA and were negative for C. parvum subtyping. Sequencing did not present confirmatory results.\nIn Argentina, our results represent the first records of Cryptosporidium spp. in marsh deer, confirmed by genus-specific PCR. The first report of a positive sample in gray fox and the second for capybaras and horses in the country is also presented. In both the SNN and the CPNP, domestic-wild animal interface areas were determined where\ndomestic and wild animal species make shared use of the habitat and presented risk factors related to the parasite load of nematodes and protozoa, such as the season and the geographic\nlocation. Although the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. could not be confirmed with the complete\nmolecular protocol proposed, the presence of potentially zoonotic genotypes in the area is not\nruled out and that this agent is shared by the animal species under study. Anthropic impact is a\nproblem in natural areas, especially in interface zones, and could have an effect on the health of animal populations.\n
author2	Orozco, Marcela
author_facet	Orozco, Marcela Berra, Yanina
format	Tesis doctoral Tesis doctoral acceptedVersion
author	Berra, Yanina
author_sort	Berra, Yanina
title	7203
title_short	7203
title_full	7203
title_fullStr	7203
title_full_unstemmed	7203
title_sort	7203
publisher	Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias
publishDate	2023
url	http://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/cgi-bin/library.cgi?a=d&c=avaposgra&cl=CL1&d=HWA_7203 https://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/collect/avaposgra/index/assoc/HWA_7203.dir/7203.PDF
work_keys_str_mv	AT berrayanina 7203 AT berrayanina estudiodeinfeccionporcryptosporidiumsppyotrasparasitosisenlainterfaseanimaldomesticosilvestreenhumedalesdeargentina
_version_	1824356461695729664
spelling	I28-R145-HWA_72032024-08-27 7203 Changes in the environment can increase the contact rate between wild and domestic species and favor the transmission of pathogens in both directions. Wetlands are among the most diverse and productive ecosystems in the world. In Argentina there are the San Nicolás Nucleus (SNN) in Esteros del Iberá and the Ciervo de los Pantanos National Park (CPNP) in the Lower Delta of Paraná River. Within its diverse fauna, the presence of the marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus)\nstands out, whose subpopulation in the Paraná Delta is categorized as "Endangered" and that of\nEsteros del Iberá as "Nearly Threatened". Both areas have undergone environmental modifications, predisposing to morbidity and mortality events in domestic and wild animal\npopulations associated with adverse climatic events, high parasite loads and infection by multihost parasites such as Cryptosporidium spp. whose risk of infection increases when a shared use\nof the environment occurs.\nThe general objective of this thesis is to analyze the eco-epidemiological factors associated with infection by nematodes and protozoa and to use Cryptosporidium spp. as an infection model\nin fecal samples from domestic (cows, horses, sheep, and dogs) and wild (marsh deer, capybaras, and gray fox) animal hosts that inhabit the SNN and CPNP.\nDuring 2017 and 2018, samples of fecal matter from the environment were obtained through\nconvenience sampling, with a transect line design in both study areas. The samples were georeferenced. Nine environmental variables were recorded for the classification of the transects\nin: core, interface and edge. The modified Wisconsin qualitative-quantitative technique was performed to determine the parasite load in eggs per gram (EPG) and oocysts per gram (OPG) and the parasite genera present. For the diagnosis of Cryptosporidium spp., the samples were concentrated and stained by modified Ziehl Neelsen. DNA was extracted and amplified by nestedPCR for the 18S rRNA gene (genus specific) and GP60 protein (C. parvum subtyping). The\nproducts obtained were purified for sequencing. Statistical and spatial analysis was performed\nand linear multivariate logistic regression models were developed.\nIn SNN, an anthropization gradient was observed, being higher in the border areas, and lower in the core areas. A total of 629 samples were collected, being the interface zone the one that presented significantly higher values of parasite load. A spatial cluster was identified for samples with a high HPG load located in an interface area that was associated with the presence of horses\nand capybaras, and with the cold season. In the CPNP, all the transects were classified as interface. A total of 159 samples were collected. The highest HPG values were found in dog\nsamples and the highest OPG values in capybara samples. The transect 1 (T1) had the highest values for the HPG and for the OPG, together with T4. Dog, marsh deer, and capybara samples were spatially associated. In total, 12 parasitic genera were identified, of which 6 were found in both domestic and wild species. It was determined 16.8% in SNN and 27,7% in CPNP of samples positive for Cryptosporidium spp. In both areas, the highest frequency was in marsh deer. 5,7%\nof the positive samples were confirmed by nested-PCR 18s rRNA and were negative for C. parvum subtyping. Sequencing did not present confirmatory results.\nIn Argentina, our results represent the first records of Cryptosporidium spp. in marsh deer, confirmed by genus-specific PCR. The first report of a positive sample in gray fox and the second for capybaras and horses in the country is also presented. In both the SNN and the CPNP, domestic-wild animal interface areas were determined where\ndomestic and wild animal species make shared use of the habitat and presented risk factors related to the parasite load of nematodes and protozoa, such as the season and the geographic\nlocation. Although the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. could not be confirmed with the complete\nmolecular protocol proposed, the presence of potentially zoonotic genotypes in the area is not\nruled out and that this agent is shared by the animal species under study. Anthropic impact is a\nproblem in natural areas, especially in interface zones, and could have an effect on the health of animal populations.\n Fil: Berra, Yanina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Buenos Aires, Argentina Orozco, Marcela Degregorio, Osvaldo Berra, Yanina 2023-08-30 Las modificaciones ocurridas en el ambiente pueden incrementar la tasa de contacto entre especies silvestres y domésticas y favorecer la transmisión de patógenos en ambos sentidos. Los humedales están entre los ecosistemas más diversos y productivos del mundo. En Argentina se\ndistinguen el Núcleo San Nicolás (NSN) en Esteros del Iberá y El Parque Nacional Ciervo de los\nPantanos (PNCP) en la el Bajo Delta del Paraná. Dentro de su diversa fauna, se destaca la presencia del ciervo de los pantanos (Blastocerus dichotomus), cuya subpoblación del Delta del Paraná esta categorizada como ?En Peligro? y la de Esteros del Iberá como ?Casi \n amenazada?.Ambas áreas han sufrido modificaciones ambientales, predisponiendo a eventos de morbilidad y\nmortalidad en poblaciones animales domésticas y silvestres asociados a eventos climáticos\nadversos, altas cargas parasitarias y a la infección por parásitos multi-hospedador como\nCryptosporidium spp. cuyo riesgo de infección aumenta cuando ocurre un uso compartido del ambiente.\nEl objetivo general de esta tesis es analizar los factores eco-epidemiológicos asociados a la infección por nematodes y protozoarios y utilizar Cryptosporidium spp. como modelo de infección\nen muestras de materia fecal de hospedadores animales domésticos (vacas, caballos, ovejas y\nperros) y silvestres (ciervo de los pantanos, carpinchos y zorro gris) que habitan el NSN y PNCP. Durante 2017 y 2018, se obtuvieron muestras de materia fecal del ambiente mediante un\nmuestreo por conveniencia, con un diseño en líneas transectas en ambas áreas en estudio. Las muestras fueron georreferenciadas. Se registraron nueve variables ambientales para la clasificación de las transectas en: núcleo, interfase y borde. Se realizó la técnica cuali-cuantitativa de Wisconsin modificada para la determinación de la carga parasitaria en huevos por gramo (HPG) y ooquistes por gramo (OPG) y los géneros parasitarios presentes. Para el diagnóstico de Cryptosporidium spp.,\nse concentraron las muestras, y se colorearon por Ziehl Neelsen modificada. Se extrajo el ADN y se amplificó mediante nested-PCR para el gen 18S rRNA (género específico) y proteína GP60\n(subtipificación de C. parvum). Los productos obtenidos fueron purificados para su secuenciación.\nSe realizó el análisis estadístico y espacial y se elaboraron modelos lineales de regresión logística\nmultivariada. En NSN, se observó un gradiente de antropización siendo mayor en las áreas borde, y menor\nen las áreas núcleo. Se colectaron un total de 629 muestras siendo la zona de interfase la que presentó valores significativamente mayores de carga parasitaria. Se identificó una agrupación espacial para muestras con alta carga de HPG ubicada en un área de interfase que se asoció con\nla presencia de caballos y carpinchos, y con la temporada fría. En el PNCP, todas las transectas\nclasificaron como interfase. Se colectaron un total de 159 muestras. Los valores más altos de HPG\nse presentaron en muestras de perros y los mayores valores de OPG en muestras de carpinchos.\nLa transecta 1 (T1) tuvo lo mayores valores para el HPG y para el OPG, conjuntamente con T4. Las\nmuestras de perros, ciervo de los pantanos y de carpincho, se asociaron espacialmente. En total,\nse identificaron 12 géneros parasitarios, de los cuales 6 se encontraron tanto en especies domésticas como en silvestres. Se determinó un 16,8% en NSN y de 27,7% en PNCP de muestras positivas a Cryptosporidium spp. En ambas áreas, la mayor frecuencia fue en ciervo de los pantanos. El 5,7 % de las muestras positivas fueron confirmadas por nested-PCR 18s rRNA y\nresultaron negativas a la subtipificación de C. parvum. La secuenciación no presentó resultados\nconfirmatorios.En Argentina, nuestros resultados representan los primeros registros de Cryptosporidium spp.en ciervo de los pantanos, confirmados por una PCR género-específica. También se presenta el\nprimer reporte de una muestra positiva en zorro gris y el segundo para carpinchos y caballos en el\npaís.Tanto en el NSN como en el PNCP, se determinaron áreas de interfase animal domésticosilvestre donde especies de animales domésticos y silvestres hacen un uso compartido del hábitat y presentaron factores de riesgo relacionados con la carga parasitaria de nematodes y protozoarios,como la temporada y la ubicación geográfica. Si bien la presencia de Cryptosporidium spp. no pudo ser confirmada con el protocolo molecular completo planteado, no se descarta la presencia de\ngenotipos potencialmente zoonóticos en el área y que este agente sea compartido por las especies animales bajo estudio. El impacto antrópico es una problemática en áreas naturales, especialmente\nen zonas de interfase, y podría tener un efecto en la salud de las poblaciones animales. Para el planteo de una estrategia de mitigación a largo plazo es necesaria la implementación de políticas de conservación y la promoción de prácticas agrícolas y ganaderas sustentables que permitan\nproteger los humedales de nuestro país, los cuales son parte indispensable del bienestar y la salud\nglobal. application/pdf Humedales Interfase Análisis espacial Carga parasitaria Cryptosporidium spp Wetlands Interface Spatial analysis Parasite load Cryptosporidium spp spa Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-ncnd/2.5/ar/ Cryptosporidium spp. Enfermedades parasitarias Animales domésticos Animales salvajes Ciencias Veterinarias Doctora de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en Ciencias Veterinarias Estudio de infección por Cryptosporidium spp. y otras parasitosis en la interfase animal doméstico-silvestre en humedales de Argentina info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis info:ar-repo/semantics/tesis doctoral info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion http://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/cgi-bin/library.cgi?a=d&c=avaposgra&cl=CL1&d=HWA_7203 https://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/collect/avaposgra/index/assoc/HWA_7203.dir/7203.PDF

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