Estudio del papel de Galectina1 en la modulación de la replicación y dinámica de reservorios de VIH-1

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) efficiently decreases circulating HIV levels but does not eradicate the virus, which persists in a small pool of long-lived latently infected cells. The maintenance of this viral reservoir is associated with persistent inflammation during ART. Galectin-1 (Gal1) is an end...

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Autor principal: Rubione, Julia
Otros Autores: Rabinovich, Gabriel A.
Formato: Tesis doctoral acceptedVersion
Lenguaje:Español
Publicado: Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica 2020
Materias:
VIH
Acceso en línea:http://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/cgi-bin/library.cgi?a=d&c=posgraafa&cl=CL1&d=HWA_6298
http://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/collect/posgraafa/index/assoc/HWA_6298.dir/6298.PDF
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Sumario:Antiretroviral therapy (ART) efficiently decreases circulating HIV levels but does not eradicate the virus, which persists in a small pool of long-lived latently infected cells. The maintenance of this viral reservoir is associated with persistent inflammation during ART. Galectin-1 (Gal1) is an endogenous lectin with important immunomodulatory functions. We show that Gal1 reverses HIV-1 latency in J-LAT cells in a glycan-dependent manner and through the activation of the NF-?B signaling pathway. Moreover, Gal1 promotes viral production in productively HIV-1-infected primary CD4+ T cells. Analysis of plasma samples from HIV-1 infected individuals revealed an increase in Gal1 levels, as compared to uninfected donors, independently of both viral load and CD4+ T cell numbers. Remarkably, we observed a positive correlation between circulating Gal1 levels and HIV reservoir size suggesting that Gal1 could be modulating the transcriptional activity of latently infected cells in vivo. Finally, we show that extracellular vesicles isolated from the blood of HIV-1 infected individuals induce the secretion of Gal1 by macrophages. In conclusion, we propose that the increased levels of Gal1 promote HIV-1 transcription. Thus, by modulating reservoir dynamics, Gal1 and EVs link inflammation with HIV-1 persistence in ART-treated individuals.