Non-compliance with the World Trade Organization agreements by exporters of the European bumblebee, Bombus terrestris

international companies commercially rear bumblebees worldwide, the trade of which is regulated through agreements established by the World trade Organization (WtO). scientific studies have shown multiple negative effects of introduced commercial bumblebees on native bees in Japan, australia, sweden...

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Autores principales: Smith-Ramírez, Cecilia, Rendón-Funes, Adriana, Leiva, Mario, Arbetman, Marina, Aizen, Marcelo, Agüero, Luis
Formato: Articulo article acceptedVersion
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: Taylor & Francis 2023
Materias:
Commerce regulations
Globalization
Pathogens
Sanitary
Phytosanitary measures
Ciencias de la Tierra y Medio Ambiente
Acceso en línea:http://rdi.uncoma.edu.ar/handle/uncomaid/17624
Aporte de:
Repositorio Institucional UNCo de Universidad Nacional del Comahue
id I22-R178-uncomaid-17624
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spelling I22-R178-uncomaid-176242023-12-22T11:31:54Z Non-compliance with the World Trade Organization agreements by exporters of the European bumblebee, Bombus terrestris Smith-Ramírez, Cecilia Rendón-Funes, Adriana Leiva, Mario Arbetman, Marina Aizen, Marcelo Agüero, Luis Commerce regulations Globalization Pathogens Sanitary Phytosanitary measures Ciencias de la Tierra y Medio Ambiente international companies commercially rear bumblebees worldwide, the trade of which is regulated through agreements established by the World trade Organization (WtO). scientific studies have shown multiple negative effects of introduced commercial bumblebees on native bees in Japan, australia, sweden, israel, chile, and argentina, calling into question the compliance of exporting with some of the established WtO international sanitary regulations. We analyzed international WtO sanitary regulations focusing on the international trade of bumblebees from the european Union (eU) and israel, especially regarding bumblebee exports to chile and their side effects in neighboring argentina. We have gathered evidence showing that exporters of bumblebees do not comply with WtO international trade agreements in at least two ways: (1) the quality of commercialized bumblebees differs from the quality declared in their certifications, and (2) the countries that sell the bumblebees violate sanitary agreements, producing negative effects on other native pollinating insects and causing a cascade of adverse impacts affecting both the environment and agriculture. this situation suggests that companies that raise bumblebees are currently in breach of WtO regulations and continue to contribute to major environmental damage in southern south america and elsewhere. Fil: Smith-Ramírez, Cecilia. Universidad de Los Lagos. Department of Biological Sciences and Biodiversity; Chile. Fil: Smith-Ramírez, Cecilia. Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity; Chile. Fil: Smith-Ramírez, Cecilia. Universidad Austral. Faculty of Forestry Science and Natural Resources. Institute of Conservation, Biodiversity and Territory; Chile. Fil: Rendón-Funes, Adriana. Universidad de Los Lagos. Department of Biological Sciences and Biodiversity; Chile. Fil: Rendón-Funes, Adriana. Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity; Chile. Fil: Leiva, Mario. Universidad de Los Lagos. Department of Biological Sciences and Biodiversity; Chile. Fil: Arbetman, Marina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina. Fil: Arbetman, Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fil: Aizen, Marcelo A. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina. Fil: Aizen, Marcelo A. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fil: Aizen, Marcelo A. . Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin; Alemania. Fil: Agüero, Luis. Isla Butachauques, región de los lagos; Chile. 2023 2023-12-18T13:02:53Z 2023-12-18T13:02:53Z Articulo article acceptedVersion http://rdi.uncoma.edu.ar/handle/uncomaid/17624 eng https://doi.org/10.1080/15487733.2023.2256173 Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 2.5 Argentina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/ application/pdf pp. 1-12 application/pdf Taylor & Francis Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy. 2023, Vol. 19, no. 1.
institution Universidad Nacional del Comahue
institution_str I-22
repository_str R-178
collection Repositorio Institucional UNCo
language Inglés
topic Commerce regulations
Globalization
Pathogens
Sanitary
Phytosanitary measures
Ciencias de la Tierra y Medio Ambiente
spellingShingle Commerce regulations
Globalization
Pathogens
Sanitary
Phytosanitary measures
Ciencias de la Tierra y Medio Ambiente
Smith-Ramírez, Cecilia
Rendón-Funes, Adriana
Leiva, Mario
Arbetman, Marina
Aizen, Marcelo
Agüero, Luis
Non-compliance with the World Trade Organization agreements by exporters of the European bumblebee, Bombus terrestris
topic_facet Commerce regulations
Globalization
Pathogens
Sanitary
Phytosanitary measures
Ciencias de la Tierra y Medio Ambiente
description international companies commercially rear bumblebees worldwide, the trade of which is regulated through agreements established by the World trade Organization (WtO). scientific studies have shown multiple negative effects of introduced commercial bumblebees on native bees in Japan, australia, sweden, israel, chile, and argentina, calling into question the compliance of exporting with some of the established WtO international sanitary regulations. We analyzed international WtO sanitary regulations focusing on the international trade of bumblebees from the european Union (eU) and israel, especially regarding bumblebee exports to chile and their side effects in neighboring argentina. We have gathered evidence showing that exporters of bumblebees do not comply with WtO international trade agreements in at least two ways: (1) the quality of commercialized bumblebees differs from the quality declared in their certifications, and (2) the countries that sell the bumblebees violate sanitary agreements, producing negative effects on other native pollinating insects and causing a cascade of adverse impacts affecting both the environment and agriculture. this situation suggests that companies that raise bumblebees are currently in breach of WtO regulations and continue to contribute to major environmental damage in southern south america and elsewhere.
format Articulo
article
acceptedVersion
author Smith-Ramírez, Cecilia
Rendón-Funes, Adriana
Leiva, Mario
Arbetman, Marina
Aizen, Marcelo
Agüero, Luis
author_facet Smith-Ramírez, Cecilia
Rendón-Funes, Adriana
Leiva, Mario
Arbetman, Marina
Aizen, Marcelo
Agüero, Luis
author_sort Smith-Ramírez, Cecilia
title Non-compliance with the World Trade Organization agreements by exporters of the European bumblebee, Bombus terrestris
title_short Non-compliance with the World Trade Organization agreements by exporters of the European bumblebee, Bombus terrestris
title_full Non-compliance with the World Trade Organization agreements by exporters of the European bumblebee, Bombus terrestris
title_fullStr Non-compliance with the World Trade Organization agreements by exporters of the European bumblebee, Bombus terrestris
title_full_unstemmed Non-compliance with the World Trade Organization agreements by exporters of the European bumblebee, Bombus terrestris
title_sort non-compliance with the world trade organization agreements by exporters of the european bumblebee, bombus terrestris
publisher Taylor & Francis
publishDate 2023
url http://rdi.uncoma.edu.ar/handle/uncomaid/17624
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