Evolution of body size in anteaters and sloths (Xenarthra, Pilosa): phylogeny, metabolism, diet and substrate preferences

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Pilosa include anteaters (Vermilingua) and sloths (Folivora). Modern tree sloths are represented by two genera, Bradypus and Choloepus (both around 4–6 kg), whereas the fossil record is very diverse, with approximately 90 genera ranging in age from the Oligocene to the early Holocene. Fossil sloths...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Toledo, Néstor, Bargo, M. Susana, Vizcaíno, Sergio Fabián, De Iuliis, Gerardo, Pujos, F.
Formato: Articulo
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: 2017
Materias:
Paleontología
body mass
Folivora
palaeobiology
phylogenetic signal
Vermilingua
Acceso en línea:http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/80685
Aporte de:
SEDICI (UNLP) de Universidad Nacional de La Plata
id I19-R120-10915-80685
record_format dspace
institution Universidad Nacional de La Plata
institution_str I-19
repository_str R-120
collection SEDICI (UNLP)
language Inglés
topic Paleontología
body mass
Folivora
palaeobiology
phylogenetic signal
Vermilingua
spellingShingle Paleontología
body mass
Folivora
palaeobiology
phylogenetic signal
Vermilingua
Toledo, Néstor
Bargo, M. Susana
Vizcaíno, Sergio Fabián
De Iuliis, Gerardo
Pujos, F.
Evolution of body size in anteaters and sloths (Xenarthra, Pilosa): phylogeny, metabolism, diet and substrate preferences
topic_facet Paleontología
body mass
Folivora
palaeobiology
phylogenetic signal
Vermilingua
description Pilosa include anteaters (Vermilingua) and sloths (Folivora). Modern tree sloths are represented by two genera, Bradypus and Choloepus (both around 4–6 kg), whereas the fossil record is very diverse, with approximately 90 genera ranging in age from the Oligocene to the early Holocene. Fossil sloths include four main clades, Megalonychidae, Megatheriidae, Nothrotheriidae, and Mylodontidae, ranging in size from tens of kilograms to several tons. Modern Vermilingua are represented by three genera, Cyclopes, Tamandua and Myrmecophaga, with a size range from 0.25 kg to about 30 kg, and their fossil record is scarce and fragmentary. The dependence of the body size on phylogenetic pattern of Pilosa is analysed here, according to current cladistic hypotheses. Orthonormal decomposition analysis and Abouheif C-mean were performed. Statistics were significantly different from the null-hypothesis, supporting the hypothesis that body size variation correlates with the phylogenetic pattern. Most of the correlation is concentrated within Vermilingua, and less within Mylodontidae, Megatheriidae, Nothrotheriidae and Megalonychidae. Influence of basal metabolic rate (BMR), dietary habits and substrate preference is discussed. In anteaters, specialised insectivory is proposed as the primary constraint on body size evolution. In the case of sloths, mylodontids, megatheriids and nothrotheriids show increasing body size through time; whereas megalonychids retain a wider diversity of sizes. Interplay between BMR and dietary habits appears to be the main factor in shaping evolution of sloth body size.
format Articulo
Articulo
author Toledo, Néstor
Bargo, M. Susana
Vizcaíno, Sergio Fabián
De Iuliis, Gerardo
Pujos, F.
author_facet Toledo, Néstor
Bargo, M. Susana
Vizcaíno, Sergio Fabián
De Iuliis, Gerardo
Pujos, F.
author_sort Toledo, Néstor
title Evolution of body size in anteaters and sloths (Xenarthra, Pilosa): phylogeny, metabolism, diet and substrate preferences
title_short Evolution of body size in anteaters and sloths (Xenarthra, Pilosa): phylogeny, metabolism, diet and substrate preferences
title_full Evolution of body size in anteaters and sloths (Xenarthra, Pilosa): phylogeny, metabolism, diet and substrate preferences
title_fullStr Evolution of body size in anteaters and sloths (Xenarthra, Pilosa): phylogeny, metabolism, diet and substrate preferences
title_full_unstemmed Evolution of body size in anteaters and sloths (Xenarthra, Pilosa): phylogeny, metabolism, diet and substrate preferences
title_sort evolution of body size in anteaters and sloths (xenarthra, pilosa): phylogeny, metabolism, diet and substrate preferences
publishDate 2017
url http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/80685
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