New concepts in the neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness

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The neural substrates of sleep and wakefulness form a highly distributed and, to some extent, redundant network, with hypocretin, monoaminergic and cholinergic systems largely promoting wakefulness and GABAergic systems in the preoptic area, hypothalamus and brainstem promoting sleep. The hypocretin...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Garay, Arturo, Cardinali, Daniel P.
Formato: Articulo Revision
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: 2016
Materias:
Bioquímica
REM
NREM
Monoaminergic
Cholinergic and GABAergic systems
Hypocretin
Hypothalamus
circadian pacemaker
Atonia
Acceso en línea:http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/127652
https://pmr.safisiol.org.ar/archive/id/85
Aporte de:
SEDICI (UNLP) de Universidad Nacional de La Plata
id I19-R120-10915-127652
record_format dspace
institution Universidad Nacional de La Plata
institution_str I-19
repository_str R-120
collection SEDICI (UNLP)
language Inglés
topic Bioquímica
REM
NREM
Monoaminergic
Cholinergic and GABAergic systems
Hypocretin
Hypothalamus
circadian pacemaker
Atonia
spellingShingle Bioquímica
REM
NREM
Monoaminergic
Cholinergic and GABAergic systems
Hypocretin
Hypothalamus
circadian pacemaker
Atonia
Garay, Arturo
Cardinali, Daniel P.
New concepts in the neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness
topic_facet Bioquímica
REM
NREM
Monoaminergic
Cholinergic and GABAergic systems
Hypocretin
Hypothalamus
circadian pacemaker
Atonia
description The neural substrates of sleep and wakefulness form a highly distributed and, to some extent, redundant network, with hypocretin, monoaminergic and cholinergic systems largely promoting wakefulness and GABAergic systems in the preoptic area, hypothalamus and brainstem promoting sleep. The hypocretin/orexin system plays a special role in the promotion of wakefulness and suppression of REM sleep by providing excitatory input to the monoaminergic and cholinergic systems. Sleep is not a unitary state but involves a cyclic alternation between NREM and REM sleep; the pons is critical for generating the multiple components (ie, EEG synchronization, eye movements and muscle atonia) that characterize REM sleep. Recent findings have implicated the participation of hypothalamus, through MCH/GABA that provide a critical input to pontine generator of REM sleep. The timing of sleep and wakefulness is regulated by an interaction between the circadian pacemaker located in the hypothalamic SCN and a sleep homeostatic system whose anatomic location is yet to be definitively identified. Among various neurochemicals, extracellular AD and nNOS/NK1 accumulate in the BF as wakefulness is extended and inhibits cortically projecting cholinergic neurons, thereby influencing cortical activity. In the future, it seems reasonable to expect a spreading of these insights from basic to clinical grounds for a better understanding of the causes and mechanisms of sleep disorders and the generation of novel therapeutics in sleep medicine.
format Articulo
Revision
author Garay, Arturo
Cardinali, Daniel P.
author_facet Garay, Arturo
Cardinali, Daniel P.
author_sort Garay, Arturo
title New concepts in the neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness
title_short New concepts in the neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness
title_full New concepts in the neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness
title_fullStr New concepts in the neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness
title_full_unstemmed New concepts in the neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness
title_sort new concepts in the neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness
publishDate 2016
url http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/127652
https://pmr.safisiol.org.ar/archive/id/85
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