International Responsibility and public goods in Pandemics: Ethico-political analysis of the case of the COVID vaccine as a public good, and its implications for the protection of other essential public goods

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The aim of this paper will focus on the ethical analysis of the general problem of international responsibility in the protection of public goods in pandemics, taking as a paradigmatic case the access to the COVID vaccine. Our hypothesis revolves around showing the international responsibility for d...

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Autor principal: de Ortúzar, Graciela
Formato: Artículo revista
Lenguaje:Español
Publicado: Escuela de Filosofía. Facultad de Humanidades y Artes, Universidad Nacional de Rosario 2021
Materias:
COVID-19
pandemia
salud
pandemics
health
Acceso en línea:https://cuadernosfilosoficos.unr.edu.ar/index.php/cf/article/view/146
Aporte de:
Cuadernos Filosóficos / Segunda Época (UNR) de Universidad Nacional de Rosario
id I15-R231-article-146
record_format ojs
institution Universidad Nacional de Rosario
institution_str I-15
repository_str R-231
container_title_str Cuadernos Filosóficos / Segunda Época (UNR)
language Español
format Artículo revista
topic COVID-19
pandemia
salud
COVID-19
pandemics
health
spellingShingle COVID-19
pandemia
salud
COVID-19
pandemics
health
de Ortúzar, Graciela
International Responsibility and public goods in Pandemics: Ethico-political analysis of the case of the COVID vaccine as a public good, and its implications for the protection of other essential public goods
topic_facet COVID-19
pandemia
salud
COVID-19
pandemics
health
author de Ortúzar, Graciela
author_facet de Ortúzar, Graciela
author_sort de Ortúzar, Graciela
title International Responsibility and public goods in Pandemics: Ethico-political analysis of the case of the COVID vaccine as a public good, and its implications for the protection of other essential public goods
title_short International Responsibility and public goods in Pandemics: Ethico-political analysis of the case of the COVID vaccine as a public good, and its implications for the protection of other essential public goods
title_full International Responsibility and public goods in Pandemics: Ethico-political analysis of the case of the COVID vaccine as a public good, and its implications for the protection of other essential public goods
title_fullStr International Responsibility and public goods in Pandemics: Ethico-political analysis of the case of the COVID vaccine as a public good, and its implications for the protection of other essential public goods
title_full_unstemmed International Responsibility and public goods in Pandemics: Ethico-political analysis of the case of the COVID vaccine as a public good, and its implications for the protection of other essential public goods
title_sort international responsibility and public goods in pandemics: ethico-political analysis of the case of the covid vaccine as a public good, and its implications for the protection of other essential public goods
description The aim of this paper will focus on the ethical analysis of the general problem of international responsibility in the protection of public goods in pandemics, taking as a paradigmatic case the access to the COVID vaccine. Our hypothesis revolves around showing the international responsibility for damage (of the powers and of the industry towards low and middle income countries) in the access and distribution of the aforementioned vaccine, evidencing how this "covert privatization of public goods" rests on an unjustified patent system that generates the continuity of the pandemic and the speculative trade of prices. This system extends to the network of public goods essential to the health of our populations (water, biodiversity, land, climate, knowledge). The methodology chosen consists of a critical study of patent law (TRIPS, 1994) and the ethics and political analysis of international liability for damages applied to the pandemic situation (Pogge, 2007, 2005). The paper is divided into four sections. First (II), the origin of the COVID vaccine will be analyzed, establishing its character as a public good. Secondly (III), it will investigate the conflict between patents (TRIPS) and the human right to health from the TRIPS Agreement, questioning the patent system. Thirdly (IV), the philosophical arguments raised by Pogge against TRIPS will be examined, using them for the analysis of the abuse of dominant power of developed countries at the distribution level (COVAX). Fourthly (V), as an alternative proposal, some theoretical guidelines will be outlined, inspired by a redefined concept of "social connection" (Young, 2005), but applied to affected groups and countries with violated rights. It will be proposed to strengthen collective and participatory actions for the protection of public goods (medicines/tests/vaccines, water, land, biodiversity, knowledge) and the development of open science, technological and sanitary sovereignty, from the integral care of health and under a human rights framework with a gender perspective. This topic deserves to be deepened in future research.
publisher Escuela de Filosofía. Facultad de Humanidades y Artes, Universidad Nacional de Rosario
publishDate 2021
url https://cuadernosfilosoficos.unr.edu.ar/index.php/cf/article/view/146
work_keys_str_mv AT deortuzargraciela internationalresponsibilityandpublicgoodsinpandemicsethicopoliticalanalysisofthecaseofthecovidvaccineasapublicgoodanditsimplicationsfortheprotectionofotheressentialpublicgoods
AT deortuzargraciela responsabilidadinternacionalybienespublicosenpandemiaanalisiseticopoliticodelcasodelavacunacontralacovidcomobienpublicoysusimplicanciasparalaprotecciondeotrosbienespublicosesenciales
first_indexed 2023-06-26T22:47:26Z
last_indexed 2023-06-26T22:47:26Z
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spelling I15-R231-article-1462022-02-02T22:28:26Z International Responsibility and public goods in Pandemics: Ethico-political analysis of the case of the COVID vaccine as a public good, and its implications for the protection of other essential public goods Responsabilidad internacional y bienes públicos en pandemia: Análisis ético-político del caso de la vacuna contra la COVID como bien público, y sus implicancias para la protección de otros bienes públicos esenciales de Ortúzar, Graciela COVID-19 pandemia salud COVID-19 pandemics health The aim of this paper will focus on the ethical analysis of the general problem of international responsibility in the protection of public goods in pandemics, taking as a paradigmatic case the access to the COVID vaccine. Our hypothesis revolves around showing the international responsibility for damage (of the powers and of the industry towards low and middle income countries) in the access and distribution of the aforementioned vaccine, evidencing how this "covert privatization of public goods" rests on an unjustified patent system that generates the continuity of the pandemic and the speculative trade of prices. This system extends to the network of public goods essential to the health of our populations (water, biodiversity, land, climate, knowledge). The methodology chosen consists of a critical study of patent law (TRIPS, 1994) and the ethics and political analysis of international liability for damages applied to the pandemic situation (Pogge, 2007, 2005). The paper is divided into four sections. First (II), the origin of the COVID vaccine will be analyzed, establishing its character as a public good. Secondly (III), it will investigate the conflict between patents (TRIPS) and the human right to health from the TRIPS Agreement, questioning the patent system. Thirdly (IV), the philosophical arguments raised by Pogge against TRIPS will be examined, using them for the analysis of the abuse of dominant power of developed countries at the distribution level (COVAX). Fourthly (V), as an alternative proposal, some theoretical guidelines will be outlined, inspired by a redefined concept of "social connection" (Young, 2005), but applied to affected groups and countries with violated rights. It will be proposed to strengthen collective and participatory actions for the protection of public goods (medicines/tests/vaccines, water, land, biodiversity, knowledge) and the development of open science, technological and sanitary sovereignty, from the integral care of health and under a human rights framework with a gender perspective. This topic deserves to be deepened in future research. El objetivo del presente ensayo se centrará en el análisis ético del problema general de la responsabilidad internacional en la protección de bienes públicos en pandemia, tomando como caso paradigmático el acceso a la vacuna contra la COVID. Nuestra hipótesis gira en torno a mostrar la responsabilidad internacional por daño (de las potencias y de la industria hacia los países de bajos y medianos ingresos) en el acceso y distribución de la citada vacuna, evidenciando cómo esta “privatización encubierta de bienes públicos” descansa en un injustificado sistema de patentes que genera la continuidad de la pandemia y el comercio especulativo de precios. Este sistema se extiende al entramado de bienes públicos esenciales para la salud de nuestras poblaciones (agua, biodiversidad, tierra, clima, conocimiento). La metodología elegida consiste en el estudio crítico de la normativa sobre patentes (ADPIC, 1994) y el análisis ético-político de la responsabilidad internacional por daño aplicado a la situación de pandemia (Pogge, 2007, 2005). El trabajo se divide en cuatro secciones. En primer lugar (II) se analizará el origen de la vacuna contra la COVID, estableciendo su carácter de bien público. En segundo lugar (III), se investigará sobre el conflicto existente entre patentes (ADPIC) y el derecho humano a la salud desde el Acuerdo ADPIC, cuestionando el sistema de patentes. En tercer lugar (IV), se examinarán los argumentos filosóficos planteados por Pogge en contra del ADPIC, utilizando los mismos para el análisis del abuso de poder dominante de los países desarrollados en el nivel de distribución (COVAX). En cuarto lugar (V), a modo de propuesta alternativa, se esbozarán algunos lineamientos teóricos inspirados en un redefinido concepto de “conexión social” (Young, 2005), pero aplicado a grupos afectados y países con derechos vulnerados. Se propondrá fortalecer acciones colectivas y participativas para la protección de bienes públicos (medicamentos/test/vacunas, agua, tierra, biodiversidad, conocimiento) y el desarrollo de la ciencia abierta, la soberanía tecnológica y sanitaria, desde el cuidado integral de la salud y bajo un marco de derechos humanos con mirada de género. Este último tema será profundizado en investigaciones futuras. Escuela de Filosofía. Facultad de Humanidades y Artes, Universidad Nacional de Rosario 2021-12-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://cuadernosfilosoficos.unr.edu.ar/index.php/cf/article/view/146 10.35305/cf2.vi18.146 Cuadernos Filosóficos / Segunda Época; No. 18 (2021) Cuadernos Filosóficos / Segunda Época; Núm. 18 (2021) 2683-9024 1850-3667 spa https://cuadernosfilosoficos.unr.edu.ar/index.php/cf/article/view/146/149 Derechos de autor 2021 Graciela de Ortúzar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0

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