Evaluation of the SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection technique in nasopharyngeal swab and nasal swab in ambulatory patients from Córdoba.
Abstract: Although the nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) is considered the optimal sample for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the nasal swab (NS) is usually used since it is less invasive and of greater adherence. Our aim was to evaluate the performance of the nasal antigen detection t...
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | Artículo revista |
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Universidad Nacional Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Secretaria de Ciencia y Tecnología
2021
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| Acceso en línea: | https://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/med/article/view/35091 |
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| Sumario: | Abstract:
Although the nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) is considered the optimal sample for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the nasal swab (NS) is usually used since it is less invasive and of greater adherence.
Our aim was to evaluate the performance of the nasal antigen detection test as a massive testing strategy in outpatients in Córdoba.
Two hundred and forty-eight samples from persons (symptomatic n=126, asymptomatic n=122) who voluntarily agreed to the simultaneous collection of samples of NPS, NS and oropharyngeal swab (OPS) for the detection of the rapid antigen PanbioTM COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test (Ag-NS), PanbioTM COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test (Ag-NPS) and real time RT-PCR for RNA detection in OPS (DisCoVery SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic Acid Detection Kit) were included.
Fifty samples resulted positive for RNA-SARS-CoV-2 molecular detection, from which 45 and 40 were positive for Ag-NPS and Ag-NS, respectively. Five samples were positive only for Ag-NPS and negative for Ag-NS [symptomatic n=4 and asymptomatic n=1, mean Ct=30.7 (28.3-32.6)]. One sample was false positive for Ag-NPS. Five samples were false negative by both rapid Ag tests [symptomatic n=3, asymptomatic n=2, mean Cts=33.3 (30.8-36.2)]. The Ag-NPS rapid test yielded a sensitivity of 90.0% (95% CI: 80.7-99.3) and the Ag-NS rapid test a sensitivity of 80.0% (95% CI: 67.9 -92.1), kappa index = 0.89. In symptomatic patients, the Ag-NPS test presented a sensitivity of 91.9% (95% CI: 81.8-100.0), while the Ag-NS test had a sensitivity of 81.1% (95% CI: 67.1-95.1), kappa index=0.90. In asymptomatic patients, the sensitivity for the Ag-NPS test was 86.6% (95% CI: 61.2-100.0) and 76.9% (95% CI: 50.2-100.0) for Ag-NS, kappa index=0.82.
The results obtained show an adequate sensitivity of the Ag-NPS (90%) and Ag-NS (80%) tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although the use of NS has lower sensitivity, in accordance with previous studies, the results found indicate that its use would be acceptable, due to its operative capacity as it is less invasive, increasing adherence and the evaluation of a greater number of patients, improving efficient contact management and early isolation.
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