Genetic diversity of maize landraces from lowland and highland agro-ecosystems of Southern South America: Implications for the conservation of native resources

The North of Argentina is one of the southernmost areas of maize landrace cultivation. Two distinct centres of diversity have been distinguished within this region: Northwestern Argentina (NWA), and Northeastern Argentina (NEA). Nowadays, maize landraces from this area are faced with two main risks....

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Autor principal: Bracco, M.
Otros Autores: Lia, V.V, Hernández, J.C, Poggio, L., Gottlieb, A.M
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Publicado: 2012
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100 1 |a Bracco, M. 
245 1 0 |a Genetic diversity of maize landraces from lowland and highland agro-ecosystems of Southern South America: Implications for the conservation of native resources 
260 |c 2012 
270 1 0 |m Lia, V.V.; Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, INTA, Castelar Los Reseros y Las Cabañ as s/n (B1686ICG), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; email: vlia@cnia.inta.gov.ar 
506 |2 openaire  |e Política editorial 
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520 3 |a The North of Argentina is one of the southernmost areas of maize landrace cultivation. Two distinct centres of diversity have been distinguished within this region: Northwestern Argentina (NWA), and Northeastern Argentina (NEA). Nowadays, maize landraces from this area are faced with two main risks. On the one hand, significant structural and functional changes have modified the rural environment with the boundaries of cropland areas experiencing a rapid expansion at the expense of northern natural forests and rangelands; and on the other, native gene pools are increasingly threatened by hybrids and commercial varieties which are more attractive relative to landraces. The first step towards any conservational action is the acquisition of an inclusive knowledge of the biological resources. For this purpose, our study assesses the genetic diversity and population dynamics of maize landraces from Northern Argentina using microsatellite markers. The Northeastern lowland region (NEA) was represented by 12 landraces (19 populations). In addition, six landraces (eight populations) from the Northwestern highland region (NWA) were used for comparison. For the NEA data set, a total of 126 alleles were found, with an average of 10.5 alleles per locus. Mean H o, H e and R s were 0.350, 0.467 and 2.72, respectively. Global fit to Hardy-Weinberg proportions was observed in 7 of 19 populations. Global estimates of F ST revealed significant differentiation among populations. Bayesian analyses of population structure allowed the recognition of two main gene pools (popcorns versus floury landraces). When NWA was added to the analysis, three clusters were distinguished: NEA popcorns, NEA flours and NWA racial complexes. Additional information on the relationships among these groups was retrieved from cluster analyses. This study shows that lowland landraces from Northern Argentina harbour considerable levels of genetic diversity, with contributions from different gene pools. Further studies encompassing a larger number of populations from the NEA region will certainly help to detect additional genetic variation, which may prove highly valuable in germplasm conservation and management. Future conservation efforts should focus on preserving NEA popcorns, NEA floury and NWA racial complexes as different management units. © 2012 Association of Applied Biologists.  |l eng 
593 |a Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evoluciõn, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autõnoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina 
593 |a Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina 
593 |a Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, INTA, Castelar Los Reseros y Las Cabañ as s/n (B1686ICG), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina 
593 |a Laboratorio de Recursos Genéticos Vegetales 'N.i. Vavilov', Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina 
690 1 0 |a CONSERVATION GENETICS 
690 1 0 |a MAIZE LANDRACES 
690 1 0 |a MICROSATELLITES 
690 1 0 |a AGRICULTURAL ECOSYSTEM 
690 1 0 |a AGRICULTURAL LAND 
690 1 0 |a BAYESIAN ANALYSIS 
690 1 0 |a CLUSTER ANALYSIS 
690 1 0 |a CONSERVATION GENETICS 
690 1 0 |a CULTIVAR 
690 1 0 |a ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE 
690 1 0 |a FUNCTIONAL CHANGE 
690 1 0 |a GENETIC MARKER 
690 1 0 |a GENETIC RESOURCE 
690 1 0 |a GENETIC VARIATION 
690 1 0 |a GERMPLASM 
690 1 0 |a LOWLAND ENVIRONMENT 
690 1 0 |a MAIZE 
690 1 0 |a NATIVE SPECIES 
690 1 0 |a POPULATION STRUCTURE 
690 1 0 |a RELATEDNESS 
690 1 0 |a RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 
690 1 0 |a SPECIES CONSERVATION 
690 1 0 |a SPECIES POOL 
690 1 0 |a UPLAND REGION 
690 1 0 |a ZEA MAYS 
651 4 |a NORTHERN ARGENTINA 
651 4 |a ARGENTINA 
651 4 |a SOUTH AMERICA 
700 1 |a Lia, V.V. 
700 1 |a Hernández, J.C. 
700 1 |a Poggio, L. 
700 1 |a Gottlieb, A.M. 
773 0 |d 2012  |g v. 160  |h pp. 308-321  |k n. 3  |p Ann. App. Biol.  |x 00034746  |w (AR-BaUEN)CENRE-788  |t Annals of Applied Biology 
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