Clay mineral assemblages and analcime formation in a Palaeogene fluvial-lacustrine sequence (Maíz Gordo Formation Palaeogen) from northwestern Argentina

The Palaeogene Maíz Gordo Formation is one of the main lacustrine events recorded in northwestern Argentina. It consists of sandstone, mudstone, and limestone beds 200 m thick, deposited in a brackish-alkaline lake and braided alluvial systems. The Maíz Gordo Lake evolved mainly as a closed system,...

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Autor principal: Do Campo, M.
Otros Autores: del Papa, C., Jiménez-Millán, J., Nieto, F.
Formato: Capítulo de libro
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: 2007
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100 1 |a Do Campo, M. 
245 1 0 |a Clay mineral assemblages and analcime formation in a Palaeogene fluvial-lacustrine sequence (Maíz Gordo Formation Palaeogen) from northwestern Argentina 
260 |c 2007 
270 1 0 |m Do Campo, M.; INGEIS, Departamento de Geología, FCEN (CONICET - UBA), Pab. INGEIS, (1428) Buenos Aires, Argentina; email: docampo@ingeis.uba.ar 
506 |2 openaire  |e Política editorial 
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520 3 |a The Palaeogene Maíz Gordo Formation is one of the main lacustrine events recorded in northwestern Argentina. It consists of sandstone, mudstone, and limestone beds 200 m thick, deposited in a brackish-alkaline lake and braided alluvial systems. The Maíz Gordo Lake evolved mainly as a closed system, with brief periods as an open one. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study samples from seven sites, corresponding respectively to proximal, intermediate, and transitional positions of the fluvial environment and marginal and inner-lake environment, focusing on the clay mineralogy and analcime formation. The basinward zonation of diagenetic minerals identified in the Maíz Gordo Lake was: mordenite → analcime → K-feldspar. Although not a typical zonation of saline-alkaline lakes, it does indicate an increase in salinity and alkalinity towards the centre. In proximal fluvial settings, smectite predominates at the base of the sequence, with scarce kaolinite. Towards the top, a striking increase in kaolinite content suggests a change from a relatively arid climate with alternating humid and dry seasons, towards a warm and humid climate. Kaolinite content clearly decreases in a basinward direction. Such a variation is attributable to changes in hydro-geochemistry, denoting the progressive influence of the brackish and alkaline lake water on interstitial pores. SEM images of intermediate fluvial samples reveal authigenesis of illite at the expense of kaolinite booklets. In littoral and inner-lake settings the clay fraction is composed of muscovite, sometimes with subordinate smectite. Analcime occurs in variable amounts in all sedimentary facies, in rock pores or filling veins. It forms subhedral square to hexagonal, or anhedral rounded crystals, denoting that they coarsened at low to moderate degrees of supersaturation. Although the mordenite identified in a fluvial level would have been the precursor of analcime in the Maíz Gordo Basin, no textural evidence of analcime formation through replacement of mordenite or other precursor zeolite was found. Hence it is more probable that analcime formation took place by direct authigenic precipitation or through the reaction between interstitial brines and clay minerals or plagioclase. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  |l eng 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: 6091 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, MICYT 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: PICT 12419, BTE2003-07867 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: The authors are grateful to Sheilagh Douma (Journal Manager) and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable and constructive comments. We thank Alicia Gómez Segura (Centro de Instrumentación Científica, University of Granada) for her help with the SEM. The stay of M. Do Campo at the University of Granada was supported by an AECI fellowship awarded in 2003 (MAE-AECI programme). This work was partially financed by CONICET-PEI 6091 and ANCyT – PICT 12419 grants and Research Project BTE2003-07867 (Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology). This paper is a contribution to INCE and IBIGEO (FCN — Universidad de Salta). Our thanks to Christine Laurin for revising the English. 
593 |a INGEIS, Departamento de Geología, FCEN (CONICET - UBA), Pab. INGEIS, (1428) Buenos Aires, Argentina 
593 |a CONICET-Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Buenos Aires 177, 4400 Salta, Argentina 
593 |a Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain 
593 |a Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, I.A.C.T., Universidad de Granada-CSIC, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18002 Granada, Spain 
690 1 0 |a ALKALINE LAKES 
690 1 0 |a ANALCIME 
690 1 0 |a KAOLINITE 
690 1 0 |a PALAEOGENE 
690 1 0 |a X-RAY DIFFRACTION 
690 1 0 |a ANALCIME 
690 1 0 |a CLAY MINERAL 
690 1 0 |a DIAGENESIS 
690 1 0 |a KAOLINITE 
690 1 0 |a PALEOGENE 
690 1 0 |a SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 
690 1 0 |a X-RAY DIFFRACTION 
651 4 |a ARGENTINA 
651 4 |a ARGENTINA 
651 4 |a SOUTH AMERICA 
700 1 |a del Papa, C. 
700 1 |a Jiménez-Millán, J. 
700 1 |a Nieto, F. 
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