Facial-zygomatic triangle: A relationship between the extracranial portion of facial nerve and the zygomatic arch

Background. This study was conducted to clarify the relationships between the extracranial portion of the facial nerve (EFN) and the zygomatic arch (ZA). Method. Four cadaveric heads (8 parotid regions), examined under 3-40× magnification, were dissected from lateral to medial to expose the EFN. Fin...

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Autor principal: Campero, A.
Otros Autores: Socolovsky, M., Martins, C., Yasuda, A., Torino, R., Rhoton, A.L
Formato: Capítulo de libro
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: 2008
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100 1 |a Campero, A. 
245 1 0 |a Facial-zygomatic triangle: A relationship between the extracranial portion of facial nerve and the zygomatic arch 
260 |c 2008 
270 1 0 |m Socolovsky, M.La Pampa 1175 Apt. 5A, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina; email: socolovsky@ciudad.com.ar 
506 |2 openaire  |e Política editorial 
504 |a Abdel Aziz, K.M., Froelich, S.C., Cohen, P.L., Sanan, A., Keller, J.T., Van Loveren, H.R., The one-piece orbito-zygomatic approach: The MacCarty burr hole and the inferior orbital fissure as keys to technique and application (2002) Acta Neurochir (Wien), 144, pp. 15-24 
504 |a Abul-Hassan, H.S., Von Drasek Ascher, G., Acland, R.D., Surgical anatomy and blood supply of the fascial layers of the temporal region (1986) Plast Reconstr Surg, 77, pp. 17-28 
504 |a Al-Kayat, A., Bramley, P.A., A modified pre-auricular approach to the temporo-mandibular joint and malar arch (1979) Br J Oral Surg, 17, pp. 91-103 
504 |a Ammirati, M., Spallone, A., Ma, J., Cheatam, M., Becker, D., An anatomico-surgical study of the temporal branch of the facial nerve (1993) Neurosurgery, 33, pp. 1038-1044 
504 |a Baker, D.C., Conley, J., Avoiding facial nerve injuries in rhytidectomy: Anatomic variations and pitfalls (1979) Plast Reconstr Surg, 64, pp. 781-795 
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504 |a Campiglio, G.L., Candiani, P., Anatomical study on the temporal fascial layers and their relationships with the facial nerve (1997) Aesthetic Plast Surg, 21, pp. 69-74 
504 |a Correia, P.C., Zani, R., Surgical anatomy of the facial nerve as related to ancillary operations in rhytidoplasty (1973) Plast Reconstr Surg, 52, pp. 549-552 
504 |a Coscarella, E., Vishteh, A.G., Spetzler, R.F., Seoane, E., Zabramski, J.M., Subfascial and submuscular methods of temporal muscle dissection and their relationship to the frontal branch of the facial nerve (2000) J Neurosurg, 92, pp. 877-880 
504 |a De Oliveira, E., Siqueira, M., Tedeschi, H., Peace, D.A., Technical aspects of the fronto-temporo-sphenoidal craniotomy (1993) Surg Anat Microneurosur VI, 5, pp. 3-8 
504 |a Furnas, D.W., Landmarks for the trunk and the temporo-facial division of the facial nerve (1965) Br J Surg, 52, pp. 694-696 
504 |a Gosain, A.K., Surgical anatomy of the facial nerve (1995) Clin Plast Surg, 22, pp. 241-251 
504 |a Gosain, A.K., Sewall, S.R., Yousif, N.J., The temporal branch of the facial nerve: How reliably can we predict its path? (1997) Plast Reconstr Surg, 99, pp. 1224-1236 
504 |a Ishikawa, Y., An anatomical study on the distribution of the temporal branch of the facial nerve (1990) J Cranio-Max-Fac Surg, 18, pp. 287-292 
504 |a Lei, T., Xu, D.C., Gao, J.H., Zhong, S.Z., Chen, B., Yang, D.Y., Cui, L., Yang, S.M., Using the frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery as a landmark for locating the course of the temporal branch of the facial nerve during rhytidectomy: An anatomical study (2005) Plast Reconstr Surg, 116, pp. 623-630 
504 |a Pérez-Rull, J., Brette, M.D., Levignac, J., Hadjean, E., Miron, C., Freyss, G., Surgical landmarks of the temporo-frontal branch of the facial nerve (1992) Ann Chir Plast Esthet, 37, pp. 11-17. , in French 
504 |a Pitanguy, I., Ramos, A.S., The frontal branch of the facial nerve: The importance of its variations in face lifting (1966) Plast Reconstr Surg, 38, pp. 352-356 
504 |a Politi, M., Toro, C., Cian, R., Costa, F., Robiony, M., The deep subfascial approach to the temporo-mandibular joint (2004) J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 62, pp. 1097-1102 
504 |a Salas, E., Ziyal, I.M., Bejjani, G.K., Sekhar, L.N., Anatomy of the fronto-temporal branch of the facial nerve and indications for interfascial dissection (1998) Neurosurgery, 43, pp. 563-569 
504 |a Schmidt, B.L., Pogrel, M.A., Hakim-Faal, Z., The course of the temporal branch of the facial nerve in the periorbital region (2001) J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 59, pp. 178-184 
504 |a Shigeno, T., Tanaka, J.I., Atsuchi, M., Orbito-zygomatic approach by transposition of temporalis muscle and one-piece osteotomy (1999) Surg Neurol, 52, pp. 81-83 
504 |a Yasargil, M.G., Reichman, M.V., Kubik, S., Preservation of the fronto-temporal branch of the facial nerve using the interfascial temporalis flap for pterional craniotomy. Technical article (1987) J Neurosurg, 67, pp. 463-466 
504 |a Zabramski, J.M., Kiris, T., Sankhla, S.K., Cabiol, J., Spetzler, R.F., Orbito-zygomatic craniotomy: Technical note (1998) J Neurosurg, 89, pp. 336-341 
520 3 |a Background. This study was conducted to clarify the relationships between the extracranial portion of the facial nerve (EFN) and the zygomatic arch (ZA). Method. Four cadaveric heads (8 parotid regions), examined under 3-40× magnification, were dissected from lateral to medial to expose the EFN. Findings. In a vertical plane just anterior to the tragus, the distance from the superior edge of the ZA to the facial nerve (FN) is, on average, 26.88mm. The FN then courses superiorly and anteriorly, crossing the ZA 18.65mm anterior to the tragus on average. Thus, three points can be used to depict a triangle: A, at the level of the anterior border of the tragus, just above the superior edge of the ZA; B, 26mm below A; and C, 18mm anterior to A. This so called facial-zygomatic triangle represents the area where surgical dissection can be performed with no risk of damaging the FN. Thus, the closer one stays to the tragus, the lesser the risk of damaging the FN below the ZA. If the incision is carried out on a vertical plane closer to the tragus, the skin can be safely cut up to 2cm below the ZA. Conclusion. The facial-zygomatic triangle is a very useful superficial landmark to avoid FN damage when working below the ZA. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.  |l eng 
593 |a Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina 
593 |a Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States 
593 |a La Pampa 1175 Apt. 5A, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina 
690 1 0 |a FACIAL NERVE 
690 1 0 |a MICROSURGICAL ANATOMY 
690 1 0 |a ORBITO-ZYGOMATIC APPROACH 
690 1 0 |a ZYGOMATIC ARCH 
690 1 0 |a ARTICLE 
690 1 0 |a FACIAL NERVE 
690 1 0 |a HUMAN 
690 1 0 |a MANDIBULAR NERVE 
690 1 0 |a MASSETER MUSCLE 
690 1 0 |a MASTOID 
690 1 0 |a PAROTID GLAND 
690 1 0 |a PRIORITY JOURNAL 
690 1 0 |a SURGICAL APPROACH 
690 1 0 |a SURGICAL TECHNIQUE 
690 1 0 |a TEMPORAL BONE 
690 1 0 |a ZYGOMA 
690 1 0 |a CRANIOTOMY 
690 1 0 |a DISSECTION 
690 1 0 |a EAR AURICLE 
690 1 0 |a FACE 
690 1 0 |a FACIAL NERVE 
690 1 0 |a FACIAL NERVE INJURIES 
690 1 0 |a HUMANS 
690 1 0 |a INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS 
690 1 0 |a MICROSURGERY 
690 1 0 |a NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES 
690 1 0 |a PARIETAL BONE 
690 1 0 |a SKULL 
690 1 0 |a SPHENOID BONE 
690 1 0 |a TEMPORAL BONE 
690 1 0 |a ZYGOMA 
650 1 7 |2 spines  |a CADAVER 
650 1 7 |2 spines  |a CADAVER 
700 1 |a Socolovsky, M. 
700 1 |a Martins, C. 
700 1 |a Yasuda, A. 
700 1 |a Torino, R. 
700 1 |a Rhoton, A.L. 
773 0 |d 2008  |g v. 150  |h pp. 273-278  |k n. 3  |p Acta Neurochir.  |x 00016268  |t Acta Neurochirurgica 
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