Functional responses of coyotes and lynx to the snowshoe hare cycle

Coyotes and lynx are the two most important mammalian predators of snowshoe hares throughout much of the boreal forest. Populations of hares cycle in abundance, with peaks in density occurring every 8-11 yr, and experimental results suggest that predation is a necessary factor causing these cycles....

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Autor principal: O'Donoghue, M.
Otros Autores: Boutin, S., Krebs, C.J, Zuleta, G., Murray, D.L, Hofer, E.J
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Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: Ecological Society of America 1998
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100 1 |a O'Donoghue, M. 
245 1 0 |a Functional responses of coyotes and lynx to the snowshoe hare cycle 
260 |b Ecological Society of America  |c 1998 
270 1 0 |m O'Donoghue, M.; Box 251, Mayo, Yukon Territ. Y0B 1M0, Canada 
506 |2 openaire  |e Política editorial 
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520 3 |a Coyotes and lynx are the two most important mammalian predators of snowshoe hares throughout much of the boreal forest. Populations of hares cycle in abundance, with peaks in density occurring every 8-11 yr, and experimental results suggest that predation is a necessary factor causing these cycles. We measured the functional responses of coyotes and lynx during a cyclic fluctuation of hare populations in the southwest Yukon, to determine their effect on the cyclic dynamics. We used snow-tracking and radio telemetry to examine changes in the foraging behavior of the predators. Coyotes and lynx both fed mostly on hares during all winters except during cyclic lows, when the main alternative prey of coyotes was voles, and lynx switched to hunting red squirrels. Both predators showed clear functional responses to changes in the densities of hares. Kill rates of hares by coyotes varied from 0.3 to 2.3 hares/d, with the most hares killed one year before the cyclic peak, while those of lynx varied from 0.3 to 1.2 hares/d, with the highest one year after the peak. Maximum kill rates by both predators were greater than their energetic needs. The functional response of coyotes was equally well described by linear and type-2 curves, and that of lynx was well described by a type-2 curve. Kill rates by coyotes were higher during the increase in density of hares than during the cyclic decline, while the reverse was true for lynx. Coyotes killed more hares early in the winter, and cached many of these for later retrieval. Lower densities of hares were associated with longer reactive distances of both predators to hares, but with little apparent change in time spent searching or handling prey. In summary, our data show that the two similarly sized predators differed in their foraging behavior and relative abilities at capturing alternative prey, leading to different patterns in their functional responses to fluctuations in the density of their preferred prey.  |l eng 
593 |a Ecology Group, Department of Zoology, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6T IZ4, Canada 
593 |a Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. T6G 2E9, Canada 
593 |a INEUCI Institute (CONICET), Department of Biology, University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina 
593 |a Mile 1055 Alaska Highway, Silver Creek, Yukon Territ. YIA 3V4, Canada 
593 |a Box 251, Mayo, Yukon Territ. YOB 1MO, Canada 
593 |a Department of Fish Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, United States 
690 1 0 |a CANIS LATRANS 
690 1 0 |a COYOTE 
690 1 0 |a FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE, COMPONENTS OF 
690 1 0 |a LYNX 
690 1 0 |a LYNX CANADENSIS 
690 1 0 |a POPULATION CYCLE 
690 1 0 |a PREDATION 
690 1 0 |a SNOWSHOE HARE 
690 1 0 |a FORAGING BEHAVIOR 
690 1 0 |a FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE 
690 1 0 |a POPULATION DYNAMICS 
690 1 0 |a PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTION 
690 1 0 |a YUKON TERRITORY 
690 1 0 |a CANIDAE 
690 1 0 |a CANIS LATRANS 
690 1 0 |a CANIS LATRANS 
690 1 0 |a CARNIVORA 
690 1 0 |a LEPUS 
690 1 0 |a LYNX 
690 1 0 |a LYNX CANADENSIS 
690 1 0 |a LYNX CANADENSIS 
690 1 0 |a MAMMALIA 
690 1 0 |a MURIDAE 
690 1 0 |a SCIURIDAE 
690 1 0 |a TAMIASCIURUS 
651 4 |a LEPUS AMERICANUS 
651 4 |a LEPUS AMERICANUS 
651 4 |a LEPUS AMERICANUS 
650 1 7 |2 spines  |a CANADA 
700 1 |a Boutin, S. 
700 1 |a Krebs, C.J. 
700 1 |a Zuleta, G. 
700 1 |a Murray, D.L. 
700 1 |a Hofer, E.J. 
773 0 |d Ecological Society of America, 1998  |g v. 79  |h pp. 1193-1208  |k n. 4  |p Ecology  |x 00129658  |w (AR-BaUEN)CENRE-223  |t Ecology 
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