Search for first harmonic modulation in the right ascension distribution of cosmic rays detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory
We present the results of searches for dipolar-type anisotropies in different energy ranges above 2.5 × 10 17 eV with the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory, reporting on both the phase and the amplitude measurements of the first harmonic modulation in the right-ascension distrib...
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Elsevier B.V.
2011
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001 | PAPER-12908 | ||
003 | AR-BaUEN | ||
005 | 20240524145455.0 | ||
008 | 190411s2011 xx ||||fo|||| 00| 0 eng|d | ||
024 | 7 | |2 scopus |a 2-s2.0-79551592390 | |
030 | |a APHYE | ||
040 | |a Scopus |b spa |c AR-BaUEN |d AR-BaUEN | ||
100 | 1 | |a Abreu, P. | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a Search for first harmonic modulation in the right ascension distribution of cosmic rays detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory |
260 | |b Elsevier B.V. |c 2011 | ||
270 | 1 | 0 | |m Abreu, P.; LIP, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal |
500 | |a Este trabajo contiene más de 100 autores, por lo que solo se registrarán: el primer autor que aparece en el mismo (independientemente de su filiación institucional) y a continuación, únicamente los autores que tengan como filiación institucional esta casa de estudios, es decir Exactas-UBA | ||
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506 | |2 openaire |e Política editorial | ||
520 | 3 | |a We present the results of searches for dipolar-type anisotropies in different energy ranges above 2.5 × 10 17 eV with the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory, reporting on both the phase and the amplitude measurements of the first harmonic modulation in the right-ascension distribution. Upper limits on the amplitudes are obtained, which provide the most stringent bounds at present, being below 2% at 99% C.L. for EeV energies. We also compare our results to those of previous experiments as well as with some theoretical expectations. © 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. |l eng | |
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: Fundación Antorchas | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: Ministry of Higher Education, N N202 207238, 1 P03 D 014 30 | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: U.S. Department of Energy, DE-FR02-04ER41300, DE-AC02-07CH11359 | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Gobierno de Argentina, CNEA | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: Grainger Foundation | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: MEIF-CT-2005-025057 | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: Junta de Andalucía | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: Federación Española de Enfermedades Raras, FEDER | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: Generalitat Valenciana | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: National Science Foundation, 0450696 | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: Science and Technology Facilities Council | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: PNC-IN2P3/CNRS | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia, MCT, AV0Z10100522, KJB100100904, AV0Z10100502, 1M06002, KJB300100801, LC527, MSMT-CR LA08016, MSM0021620859 | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden-Württemberg, MWK | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: Australian Research Council | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter, FOM | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca, MIUR | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca, MIUR | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, MICINN | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: Comunidad de Madrid | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie, FOM | ||
536 | |a Detalles de la financiación: The successful installation and commissioning of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and administrative staff in Malargüe. We are very grateful to the following agencies and organizations for financial support: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica , Fundación Antorchas, Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza , Municipalidad de Malargüe , NDM Holdings and Valle Las Leñas , in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access, Argentina; the Australian Research Council ; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) , Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP) , Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) , Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) , Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia (MCT) , Brazil; AVCR , AV0Z10100502 and AV0Z10100522 , GAAV , KJB300100801 and KJB100100904 , MSMT-CR LA08016 , LC527 , 1M06002 , and MSM0021620859 , Czech Republic; Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS , Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , Conseil Régional Ile-de-France , Département Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS) , Département Sciences de l’Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS) , France; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) , Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) , Finanzministerium Baden – Württemberg , Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF) , Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein-Westfalen , Ministerium für Wissenschaft , Forschung und Kunst , Baden-Württemberg , Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) , Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) , Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (MIUR) , Gran Sasso Center for Astroparticle Physics (CFA) , Italy; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) , Mexico; Ministerie van Onderwijs , Cultuur en Wetenschap , Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO) , Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM) , Netherlands; Ministry of Science and Higher Education , Grant Nos. 1 P03 D 014 30 and N N202 207238 , Poland; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia , Portugal; Ministry for Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Slovenian Research Agency , Slovenia; Comunidad de Madrid , Consejería de Educación de la Comunidad de Castilla La Mancha , FEDER funds , Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Consolider-Ingenio 2010 (CPAN) , Generalitat Valenciana , Junta de Andalucía , Xunta de Galicia , Spain; Science and Technology Facilities Council , United Kingdom; Department of Energy , Contract Nos. DE-AC02-07CH11359 , DE-FR02-04ER41300 , National Science Foundation , Grant No. 0450696 , The Grainger Foundation , USA; ALFA-EC/ HELEN , European Union 6th Framework Program , Grant No. MEIF-CT-2005-025057 , European Union 7th Framework Program , Grant No. PIEF-GA-2008-220240 , and UNESCO . Appendix The first harmonic amplitude of the distribution in right ascension of the detected cosmic rays can be directly related to the amplitude = sin = cos = ⟨cos ≃ 0.78 and = ⟨sin ≃ −0.45. For a dipole amplitude ≃ d of a dipolar distribution of the cosmic ray flux of the form J ( α , δ ) = J 0 ( 1 + d d ˆ · u ˆ ) , where u ˆ and d ˆ denote respectively the unit vector in the direction of an arrival direction and in the direction of the dipole. Eqs. (11) and (12) can be used to express a , b and N as: (19) a = 2 N ∫ δ min δ max d δ ∫ 0 2 π d α cos δ J ( α , δ ) ω ( δ ) cos α , b = 2 N ∫ δ min δ max d δ ∫ 0 2 π d α cos δ J ( α , δ ) ω ( δ ) sin α , N = ∫ δ min δ max d δ ∫ 0 2 π d α cos δ J ( α , δ ) ω ( δ ) , where we have here neglected in the exposure ω the small dependence on right ascension. Writing the angular dependence in J ( α , δ ) as d ˆ · u ˆ = cos δ cos δ d cos ( α - α d ) + sin δ sin δ d , with δ d the dipole declination and α d its right ascension, and performing the integration in α in the previous equations, it can be seen that (20) r = Ad ⊥ 1 + Bd z , where A = ∫ d δ ω ( δ ) cos 2 δ ∫ d δ ω ( δ ) cos δ , B = ∫ d δ ω ( δ ) cos δ sin δ ∫ d δ ω ( δ ) cos δ and d z d δ d denotes the component of the dipole along the Earth rotation axis while d ⊥ d δ d is the component in the equatorial plane [31] . The coefficients A and B can be estimated from the data as the mean values of the cosine and the sine of the event declinations. In our case, A δ ⟩ B δ ⟩ d , the measured amplitude of the first harmonic in right ascension r thus depends on the region of the sky observed, which is essentially a function of the latitude of the observatory ℓ site , and the range of zenith angles considered. In the case of a small Bd z factor, the dipole component in the equatorial plane d ⊥ is obtained as d ⊥ r /⟨cos δ ⟩. The phase ϕ corresponds to the right ascension of the dipole direction α d . Turning now to the East–West method, the measured flux from the East sector for a local sidereal time 3 = ⟨sin ≃ 0.58 and = ⟨cos ≃ 0.78. The total detected flux averaged over the local sidereal time can be estimated as ⟨ + = ≪ 1, we get finally: α 0 can be similarly expressed as (21) I E ( α 0 ) = ∫ - π / 2 π / 2 d φ ∫ 0 θ max d θ sin θ &z.epsi; ( θ ) J ( θ , φ , α 0 ) , and analogously for the measured flux coming from the west sector changing the azimuthal integration to the interval [ π /2, π /2]. Expressing d ˆ · u ˆ in local coordinates ( θ , φ and α 0 ), and performing the integration over φ we obtain for the leading order (22) I E - I W ⟨ I E + I W ⟩ ( α 0 ) = - 2 d ⊥ C π ( 1 + d z D sin ℓ site ) sin ( α 0 - α d ) , where C = ∫ d θ &z.epsi; ( θ ) sin 2 θ ∫ d θ &z.epsi; ( θ ) sin θ , D = ∫ d θ &z.epsi; ( θ ) sin θ cos θ ∫ d θ &z.epsi; ( θ ) sin θ . In this calculation any dependence of the exposure on the local sidereal time α 0 gives at first order the same contribution to the East and West sectors flux, and thus gives a negligible contribution to the flux difference. 8 The exposure dependence on azimuth present in Auger due to trigger effects at low energies has a 2 π /6 frequency that makes it cancel out in the computation of the first harmonic, and thus does not affect the above result. 8 The next leading order, proportional to the equatorial dipole component times the sidereal modulation of the exposure, is negligible. The coefficients C and D can be estimated from the observed zenith angles of the events. In our case, C θ ⟩ D θ ⟩ I E I W ⟩ N /2 π . In case Dd z (23) ( I E - I W ) ( α 0 ) = - N 2 π 2 d ⊥ ⟨ sin θ ⟩ π sin ( α 0 - α d ) . | ||
593 | |a Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA- UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina | ||
593 | |a Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Buenos Aires, Argentina | ||
593 | |a Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEFA, CONICET, Argentina | ||
593 | |a Departamento de Física, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires y CONICET, Argentina | ||
593 | |a IFLP, Universidad Nacional de la Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina | ||
593 | |a Instituto de Astronomía y Física Del Espacio (CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina | ||
593 | |a National Technological University, Faculty Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina | ||
593 | |a Pierre Auger Southern Observatory, Malargüe, Argentina | ||
593 | |a Pierre Auger Southern Observatory and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina | ||
593 | |a University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia | ||
593 | |a Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil | ||
593 | |a Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil | ||
593 | |a Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Carlos, SP, Brazil | ||
593 | |a Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, SP, Brazil | ||
593 | |a Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil | ||
593 | |a Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Brazil | ||
593 | |a Universidade Estadual Do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitoria da Conquista BA, Brazil | ||
593 | |a Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador BA, Brazil | ||
593 | |a Universidade Federal Do ABC, Santo André SP, Brazil | ||
593 | |a Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil | ||
593 | |a Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Fisica, Niterói, RJ, Brazil | ||
593 | |a Rudjer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia | ||
593 | |a Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic | ||
593 | |a Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic | ||
593 | |a Palacky University, RCATM, Olomouc, Czech Republic | ||
593 | |a Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France | ||
593 | |a Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC), Université Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France | ||
593 | |a Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France | ||
593 | |a Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France | ||
593 | |a Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France | ||
593 | |a SUBATECH, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France | ||
593 | |a Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany | ||
593 | |a Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany | ||
593 | |a Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany | ||
593 | |a Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus South, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany | ||
593 | |a Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany | ||
593 | |a RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany | ||
593 | |a Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany | ||
593 | |a Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany | ||
593 | |a Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit and INFN, Genova, Italy | ||
593 | |a Universit dell'Aquila and INFN, L'Aquila, Italy | ||
593 | |a Universit di Milano and Sezione INFN, Milan, Italy | ||
593 | |a Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit Del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy | ||
593 | |a Universit di Napoli Federico II, Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy | ||
593 | |a Universit di Roma II Tor Vergata, Sezione INFN, Roma, Italy | ||
593 | |a Universit di Catania, Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy | ||
593 | |a Universit di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy | ||
593 | |a Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione dell'Universit Del Salento and Sezione, INFN, Lecce, Italy | ||
593 | |a Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy | ||
593 | |a Istituto di Fisica Dello Spazio Interplanetario (INAF), Universit di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy | ||
593 | |a INFN, Laboratori Nazionali Del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy | ||
593 | |a Universit di Palermo, Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy | ||
593 | |a Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico | ||
593 | |a Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Del IPN (CINVESTAV), México D.F., Mexico | ||
593 | |a Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico | ||
593 | |a Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico D.F., Mexico | ||
593 | |a IMAPP, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands | ||
593 | |a Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands | ||
593 | |a NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands | ||
593 | |a ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands | ||
593 | |a Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland | ||
593 | |a University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland | ||
593 | |a LIP, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal | ||
593 | |a J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia | ||
593 | |a Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia | ||
593 | |a Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC, Universitat de Valncia, Valencia, Spain | ||
593 | |a Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain | ||
593 | |a Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain | ||
593 | |a Universidad de Granada, C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain | ||
593 | |a Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain | ||
593 | |a Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom | ||
593 | |a School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, United Kingdom | ||
593 | |a Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, United States | ||
593 | |a Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States | ||
593 | |a Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States | ||
593 | |a Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States | ||
593 | |a Colorado State University, Pueblo, CO, United States | ||
593 | |a Fermilab, Batavia, IL, United States | ||
593 | |a Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States | ||
593 | |a Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States | ||
593 | |a New York University, New York, NY, United States | ||
593 | |a Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States | ||
593 | |a Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States | ||
593 | |a Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States | ||
593 | |a Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States | ||
593 | |a University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, IL, United States | ||
593 | |a University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States | ||
593 | |a University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States | ||
593 | |a University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States | ||
593 | |a University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States | ||
593 | |a Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology (INST), Hanoi, Viet Nam | ||
690 | 1 | 0 | |a LARGE SCALE ANISOTROPIES |
690 | 1 | 0 | |a PIERRE AUGER OBSERVATORY |
690 | 1 | 0 | |a ULTRA-HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS |
690 | 1 | 0 | |a ANISOTROPY |
690 | 1 | 0 | |a AUGERS |
690 | 1 | 0 | |a COSMOLOGY |
690 | 1 | 0 | |a MODULATION |
690 | 1 | 0 | |a OBSERVATORIES |
690 | 1 | 0 | |a AMPLITUDE MEASUREMENTS |
690 | 1 | 0 | |a ENERGY RANGES |
690 | 1 | 0 | |a FIRST HARMONIC |
690 | 1 | 0 | |a LARGE SCALE ANISOTROPY |
690 | 1 | 0 | |a PIERRE AUGER OBSERVATORY |
690 | 1 | 0 | |a RIGHT ASCENSIONS |
690 | 1 | 0 | |a SURFACE DETECTORS |
690 | 1 | 0 | |a ULTRA HIGH-ENERGY COSMIC RAYS |
690 | 1 | 0 | |a COSMIC RAYS |
700 | |a Dasso, Sergio Ricardo | ||
700 | |a Guardincerri, Yann | ||
700 | |a Piegaia, Ricardo Néstor | ||
700 | |a Pieroni, Pablo Emanuel | ||
700 | |a Tiffenberg, Javier Sebastián | ||
700 | |a Tueros, Matias | ||
700 | |a Rovero, A. C | ||
700 | |a Tamashiro, Alejandro Andrés | ||
773 | 0 | |d Elsevier B.V., 2011 |g v. 34 |h pp. 627-639 |k n. 8 |p Astropart. Phys. |x 09276505 |w (AR-BaUEN)CENRE-3851 |t Astroparticle Physics | |
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