Search for first harmonic modulation in the right ascension distribution of cosmic rays detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory

We present the results of searches for dipolar-type anisotropies in different energy ranges above 2.5 × 10 17 eV with the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory, reporting on both the phase and the amplitude measurements of the first harmonic modulation in the right-ascension distrib...

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Autor principal: Abreu, P.
Otros Autores: Dasso, Sergio Ricardo, Guardincerri, Yann, Piegaia, Ricardo Néstor, Pieroni, Pablo Emanuel, Tiffenberg, Javier Sebastián, Tueros, Matias, Rovero, A. C, Tamashiro, Alejandro Andrés
Formato: Capítulo de libro
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: Elsevier B.V. 2011
Acceso en línea:Registro en Scopus
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100 1 |a Abreu, P. 
245 1 0 |a Search for first harmonic modulation in the right ascension distribution of cosmic rays detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory 
260 |b Elsevier B.V.  |c 2011 
270 1 0 |m Abreu, P.; LIP, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal 
500 |a Este trabajo contiene más de 100 autores, por lo que solo se registrarán: el primer autor que aparece en el mismo (independientemente de su filiación institucional) y a continuación, únicamente los autores que tengan como filiación institucional esta casa de estudios, es decir Exactas-UBA 
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506 |2 openaire  |e Política editorial 
520 3 |a We present the results of searches for dipolar-type anisotropies in different energy ranges above 2.5 × 10 17 eV with the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory, reporting on both the phase and the amplitude measurements of the first harmonic modulation in the right-ascension distribution. Upper limits on the amplitudes are obtained, which provide the most stringent bounds at present, being below 2% at 99% C.L. for EeV energies. We also compare our results to those of previous experiments as well as with some theoretical expectations. © 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V.  |l eng 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Fundación Antorchas 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Ministry of Higher Education, N N202 207238, 1 P03 D 014 30 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: U.S. Department of Energy, DE-FR02-04ER41300, DE-AC02-07CH11359 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Gobierno de Argentina, CNEA 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Grainger Foundation 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: MEIF-CT-2005-025057 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Junta de Andalucía 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Federación Española de Enfermedades Raras, FEDER 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Generalitat Valenciana 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: National Science Foundation, 0450696 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Science and Technology Facilities Council 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: PNC-IN2P3/CNRS 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia, MCT, AV0Z10100522, KJB100100904, AV0Z10100502, 1M06002, KJB300100801, LC527, MSMT-CR LA08016, MSM0021620859 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden-Württemberg, MWK 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Australian Research Council 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter, FOM 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca, MIUR 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca, MIUR 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, MICINN 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Comunidad de Madrid 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie, FOM 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: The successful installation and commissioning of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and administrative staff in Malargüe. We are very grateful to the following agencies and organizations for financial support: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica , Fundación Antorchas, Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza , Municipalidad de Malargüe , NDM Holdings and Valle Las Leñas , in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access, Argentina; the Australian Research Council ; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) , Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP) , Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) , Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) , Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia (MCT) , Brazil; AVCR , AV0Z10100502 and AV0Z10100522 , GAAV , KJB300100801 and KJB100100904 , MSMT-CR LA08016 , LC527 , 1M06002 , and MSM0021620859 , Czech Republic; Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS , Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , Conseil Régional Ile-de-France , Département Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS) , Département Sciences de l’Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS) , France; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) , Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) , Finanzministerium Baden – Württemberg , Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF) , Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein-Westfalen , Ministerium für Wissenschaft , Forschung und Kunst , Baden-Württemberg , Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) , Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) , Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (MIUR) , Gran Sasso Center for Astroparticle Physics (CFA) , Italy; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) , Mexico; Ministerie van Onderwijs , Cultuur en Wetenschap , Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO) , Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM) , Netherlands; Ministry of Science and Higher Education , Grant Nos. 1 P03 D 014 30 and N N202 207238 , Poland; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia , Portugal; Ministry for Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Slovenian Research Agency , Slovenia; Comunidad de Madrid , Consejería de Educación de la Comunidad de Castilla La Mancha , FEDER funds , Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Consolider-Ingenio 2010 (CPAN) , Generalitat Valenciana , Junta de Andalucía , Xunta de Galicia , Spain; Science and Technology Facilities Council , United Kingdom; Department of Energy , Contract Nos. DE-AC02-07CH11359 , DE-FR02-04ER41300 , National Science Foundation , Grant No. 0450696 , The Grainger Foundation , USA; ALFA-EC/ HELEN , European Union 6th Framework Program , Grant No. MEIF-CT-2005-025057 , European Union 7th Framework Program , Grant No. PIEF-GA-2008-220240 , and UNESCO . Appendix The first harmonic amplitude of the distribution in right ascension of the detected cosmic rays can be directly related to the amplitude = sin = cos = ⟨cos ≃ 0.78 and = ⟨sin ≃ −0.45. For a dipole amplitude ≃ d of a dipolar distribution of the cosmic ray flux of the form J ( α , δ ) = J 0 ( 1 + d d ˆ · u ˆ ) , where u ˆ and d ˆ denote respectively the unit vector in the direction of an arrival direction and in the direction of the dipole. Eqs. (11) and (12) can be used to express a , b and N as: (19) a = 2 N ∫ δ min δ max d δ ∫ 0 2 π d α cos δ J ( α , δ ) ω ( δ ) cos α , b = 2 N ∫ δ min δ max d δ ∫ 0 2 π d α cos δ J ( α , δ ) ω ( δ ) sin α , N = ∫ δ min δ max d δ ∫ 0 2 π d α cos δ J ( α , δ ) ω ( δ ) , where we have here neglected in the exposure ω the small dependence on right ascension. Writing the angular dependence in J ( α , δ ) as d ˆ · u ˆ = cos δ cos δ d cos ( α - α d ) + sin δ sin δ d , with δ d the dipole declination and α d its right ascension, and performing the integration in α in the previous equations, it can be seen that (20) r = Ad ⊥ 1 + Bd z , where A = ∫ d δ ω ( δ ) cos 2 δ ∫ d δ ω ( δ ) cos δ , B = ∫ d δ ω ( δ ) cos δ sin δ ∫ d δ ω ( δ ) cos δ and d z d δ d denotes the component of the dipole along the Earth rotation axis while d ⊥ d δ d is the component in the equatorial plane [31] . The coefficients A and B can be estimated from the data as the mean values of the cosine and the sine of the event declinations. In our case, A δ ⟩ B δ ⟩ d , the measured amplitude of the first harmonic in right ascension r thus depends on the region of the sky observed, which is essentially a function of the latitude of the observatory ℓ site , and the range of zenith angles considered. In the case of a small Bd z factor, the dipole component in the equatorial plane d ⊥ is obtained as d ⊥ r /⟨cos δ ⟩. The phase ϕ corresponds to the right ascension of the dipole direction α d . Turning now to the East–West method, the measured flux from the East sector for a local sidereal time 3 = ⟨sin ≃ 0.58 and = ⟨cos ≃ 0.78. The total detected flux averaged over the local sidereal time can be estimated as ⟨ + = ≪ 1, we get finally: α 0 can be similarly expressed as (21) I E ( α 0 ) = ∫ - π / 2 π / 2 d φ ∫ 0 θ max d θ sin θ &z.epsi; ( θ ) J ( θ , φ , α 0 ) , and analogously for the measured flux coming from the west sector changing the azimuthal integration to the interval [ π /2, π /2]. Expressing d ˆ · u ˆ in local coordinates ( θ , φ and α 0 ), and performing the integration over φ we obtain for the leading order (22) I E - I W ⟨ I E + I W ⟩ ( α 0 ) = - 2 d ⊥ C π ( 1 + d z D sin ℓ site ) sin ( α 0 - α d ) , where C = ∫ d θ &z.epsi; ( θ ) sin 2 θ ∫ d θ &z.epsi; ( θ ) sin θ , D = ∫ d θ &z.epsi; ( θ ) sin θ cos θ ∫ d θ &z.epsi; ( θ ) sin θ . In this calculation any dependence of the exposure on the local sidereal time α 0 gives at first order the same contribution to the East and West sectors flux, and thus gives a negligible contribution to the flux difference. 8 The exposure dependence on azimuth present in Auger due to trigger effects at low energies has a 2 π /6 frequency that makes it cancel out in the computation of the first harmonic, and thus does not affect the above result. 8 The next leading order, proportional to the equatorial dipole component times the sidereal modulation of the exposure, is negligible. The coefficients C and D can be estimated from the observed zenith angles of the events. In our case, C θ ⟩ D θ ⟩ I E I W ⟩ N /2 π . In case Dd z (23) ( I E - I W ) ( α 0 ) = - N 2 π 2 d ⊥ ⟨ sin θ ⟩ π sin ( α 0 - α d ) . 
593 |a Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA- UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina 
593 |a Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Buenos Aires, Argentina 
593 |a Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEFA, CONICET, Argentina 
593 |a Departamento de Física, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires y CONICET, Argentina 
593 |a IFLP, Universidad Nacional de la Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina 
593 |a Instituto de Astronomía y Física Del Espacio (CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina 
593 |a National Technological University, Faculty Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina 
593 |a Pierre Auger Southern Observatory, Malargüe, Argentina 
593 |a Pierre Auger Southern Observatory and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina 
593 |a University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia 
593 |a Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil 
593 |a Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil 
593 |a Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Carlos, SP, Brazil 
593 |a Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 
593 |a Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil 
593 |a Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Brazil 
593 |a Universidade Estadual Do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitoria da Conquista BA, Brazil 
593 |a Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador BA, Brazil 
593 |a Universidade Federal Do ABC, Santo André SP, Brazil 
593 |a Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 
593 |a Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Fisica, Niterói, RJ, Brazil 
593 |a Rudjer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia 
593 |a Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic 
593 |a Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic 
593 |a Palacky University, RCATM, Olomouc, Czech Republic 
593 |a Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France 
593 |a Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC), Université Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France 
593 |a Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France 
593 |a Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France 
593 |a Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France 
593 |a SUBATECH, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France 
593 |a Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany 
593 |a Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany 
593 |a Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany 
593 |a Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus South, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany 
593 |a Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany 
593 |a RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany 
593 |a Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany 
593 |a Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany 
593 |a Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit and INFN, Genova, Italy 
593 |a Universit dell'Aquila and INFN, L'Aquila, Italy 
593 |a Universit di Milano and Sezione INFN, Milan, Italy 
593 |a Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit Del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy 
593 |a Universit di Napoli Federico II, Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy 
593 |a Universit di Roma II Tor Vergata, Sezione INFN, Roma, Italy 
593 |a Universit di Catania, Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy 
593 |a Universit di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy 
593 |a Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione dell'Universit Del Salento and Sezione, INFN, Lecce, Italy 
593 |a Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy 
593 |a Istituto di Fisica Dello Spazio Interplanetario (INAF), Universit di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy 
593 |a INFN, Laboratori Nazionali Del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy 
593 |a Universit di Palermo, Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy 
593 |a Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico 
593 |a Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Del IPN (CINVESTAV), México D.F., Mexico 
593 |a Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico 
593 |a Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico D.F., Mexico 
593 |a IMAPP, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands 
593 |a Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands 
593 |a NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands 
593 |a ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands 
593 |a Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland 
593 |a University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland 
593 |a LIP, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal 
593 |a J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia 
593 |a Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia 
593 |a Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC, Universitat de Valncia, Valencia, Spain 
593 |a Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain 
593 |a Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain 
593 |a Universidad de Granada, C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain 
593 |a Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain 
593 |a Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom 
593 |a School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, United Kingdom 
593 |a Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, United States 
593 |a Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States 
593 |a Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States 
593 |a Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States 
593 |a Colorado State University, Pueblo, CO, United States 
593 |a Fermilab, Batavia, IL, United States 
593 |a Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States 
593 |a Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States 
593 |a New York University, New York, NY, United States 
593 |a Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States 
593 |a Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States 
593 |a Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States 
593 |a Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States 
593 |a University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, IL, United States 
593 |a University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States 
593 |a University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States 
593 |a University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States 
593 |a University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States 
593 |a Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology (INST), Hanoi, Viet Nam 
690 1 0 |a LARGE SCALE ANISOTROPIES 
690 1 0 |a PIERRE AUGER OBSERVATORY 
690 1 0 |a ULTRA-HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS 
690 1 0 |a ANISOTROPY 
690 1 0 |a AUGERS 
690 1 0 |a COSMOLOGY 
690 1 0 |a MODULATION 
690 1 0 |a OBSERVATORIES 
690 1 0 |a AMPLITUDE MEASUREMENTS 
690 1 0 |a ENERGY RANGES 
690 1 0 |a FIRST HARMONIC 
690 1 0 |a LARGE SCALE ANISOTROPY 
690 1 0 |a PIERRE AUGER OBSERVATORY 
690 1 0 |a RIGHT ASCENSIONS 
690 1 0 |a SURFACE DETECTORS 
690 1 0 |a ULTRA HIGH-ENERGY COSMIC RAYS 
690 1 0 |a COSMIC RAYS 
700 |a Dasso, Sergio Ricardo 
700 |a Guardincerri, Yann 
700 |a Piegaia, Ricardo Néstor 
700 |a Pieroni, Pablo Emanuel 
700 |a Tiffenberg, Javier Sebastián 
700 |a Tueros, Matias 
700 |a Rovero, A. C 
700 |a Tamashiro, Alejandro Andrés 
773 0 |d Elsevier B.V., 2011  |g v. 34  |h pp. 627-639  |k n. 8  |p Astropart. Phys.  |x 09276505  |w (AR-BaUEN)CENRE-3851  |t Astroparticle Physics 
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