Evidence of double diffusion in the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence

Observation of thermohaline staircases and low-density ratios in the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence (BMC) suggests salt-fingering activity between the high salinity South Atlantic Central Water and low salinity Antarctic Intermediate Water. Vertical salt-finger induced salt fluxes are estimated in the B...

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Autor principal: Bianchi, A.A
Otros Autores: Piola, A.R, Collino, G.J
Formato: Capítulo de libro
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: 2002
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024 7 |2 scopus  |a 2-s2.0-0036140277 
040 |a Scopus  |b spa  |c AR-BaUEN  |d AR-BaUEN 
100 1 |a Bianchi, A.A. 
245 1 0 |a Evidence of double diffusion in the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence 
260 |c 2002 
270 1 0 |m Bianchi, A.A.; Departamento Oceanografiá, Servicio de Hidrografiá Naval, Av. Montes de Oca 2124, 1271 Buenos Aires, Argentina; email: abianchi@hidro.gov.ar 
506 |2 openaire  |e Política editorial 
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504 |a Gordon, A.L., South Atlantic thermocline ventilation (1981) Deep-Sea Research, 28, pp. 1239-1264 
504 |a Gordon, A.L., Brazil-Malvinas Confluence - 1984 (1989) Deep-Sea Research, 36, pp. 359-384 
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504 |a Kelley, D.E., (1986) Oceanic thermohaline staircases, , Ph.D. dissertation, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia 
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504 |a Kunze, E., Limits on growing, finite-length salt-fingers: A Richardson number constraint (1987) Journal of Marine Research, 29, pp. 375-401 
504 |a Marmorino, G.O., Caldwell, D.R., Heat and salt transport through a diffusive thermohaline interface (1976) Deep-Sea Research, 23, pp. 59-67 
504 |a May, B., Kelley, D., Effect of baroclinicity on double-diffusive interleaving (1997) Journal of Physical Oceanography, 27, pp. 1997-2008 
504 |a McDougall, T.J., Taylor, J.R., Flux measurements across a finger interface at low values of the stability ratio (1984) Journal of Marine Research, 42, pp. 1-14 
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504 |a Osiroff, A.P., Charo, M., Piola, A.R., Bianchi, A.A., (1993) Datos fisico-químicos, CTD y XBT, campañas oceanográficas OA-04-91, EH-04-92 y EA-01-92, , Informe Técnico, 72, Servicio de Hidrografia Naval, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 176pp 
504 |a Piola, A.R., Georgi, D.T., Circumpolar properties of Antarctic Intermediate Water and Subantarctic Mode Water (1982) Deep-Sea Research, 29, pp. 687-712 
504 |a Piola, A.R., Gordon, A.L., Intermediate waters in the southwest South Atlantic (1989) Deep-Sea Research, 36, pp. 1-16 
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504 |a Roden, G.I., Thermohaline fronts and baroclinic flow in the Argentine Basin during the austral spring of 1984 (1986) Journal of Geophysical Research, 91, pp. 5075-5093 
504 |a Ruddick, B.R., A practical indicator of the stability of the water column to double-diffusive activity (1983) Deep-Sea Research, 30, pp. 1105-1107 
504 |a Schmitt, R.W., The growth rate of super critical salt fingers (1979) Deep-Sea Research, 26, pp. 23-40 
504 |a Schmitt, R.W., Flux measurements at an interface (1979) Journal of Marine Research, 37, pp. 419-436 
504 |a St. Laurent, L., Schmitt, R.W., The contribution of salt fingers to vertical mixing in the North Atlantic tracer release experiment (1999) Journal of Physical Oceanography, 29, pp. 1404-1424 
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504 |a Toole, J.M., Georgi, D.T., On the dynamics and effects of double-diffusively driven intrusions (1981) Progress in Oceanography, 10, pp. 123-145 
504 |a Wüst, G., (1935) The Stratosphere of the Atlantic Ocean (English translation 1980), , Emery W. (Ed.). Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 112pp 
504 |a Zlotnicki, V., Fu, L.L., Seasonal variability in global sea level observed with Geosat altimetry (1989) Journal of Geophysical Research, 94, pp. 17959-17969 
520 3 |a Observation of thermohaline staircases and low-density ratios in the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence (BMC) suggests salt-fingering activity between the high salinity South Atlantic Central Water and low salinity Antarctic Intermediate Water. Vertical salt-finger induced salt fluxes are estimated in the BMC using a model for fastest growing fingers. Maximum salt-finger fluxes of 39.9 × 10-10 W kg-1 (5.3 × 10-7 m s-1) were estimated, similar to existing estimates in a Mediterranean salt lens embedded within the North Atlantic water. The fluxes normalized by the large-scale property gradients lead to fairly large estimates of diapycnal haline and thermal diffusivities, of up to 0.74 × 10-4 and 0.34 × 10-4 m2s-1, respectively, showing the enhancement of the haline diffusivity due to salt fingers. Estimated diffusive-convection fluxes based on flux laws derived from laboratory experiments are two orders of magnitude larger than salt-finger fluxes. These results suggest that, where cross-front interleaving leads to layering of relatively cold-fresh water over warm-salty water, diffusive upward convection dominates the vertical property fluxes in the frontal region. It appears that on the warm-salty side of the BMC, away from the narrow band dominated by interleaving, salt-finger integrated vertical fluxes nearly balance the cross-front lateral integrated fluxes. The effect of baroclinicity on the vertical property fluxes was evaluated and it was found that, in the BMC, the baroclinicity enhances the interleaving. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.  |l eng 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: The manuscript was significantly improved after the thorough review by and discussions with Eric Kunze and Daniel Kelley. Additional suggestions from an anonymous reviewer are kindly acknowledged. Marcela Charo prepared most of the graphics. Financial support for the field work was provided by Servicio de Hidrografı́a Naval (SHN), Argentina. Data processing was financed by SHN and the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research through a Cooperative Research Network grant. We are also indebted to the crew members of the research vessel Cap. Oca Balda , who collaborated to obtain the valuable data used in this paper. 
593 |a Departamento Oceanografiá, Servicio de Hidrografiá Naval, Av. Montes de Oca 2124, 1271 Buenos Aires, Argentina 
593 |a Departamento Cs. De la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEYN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina 
690 1 0 |a BRAZIL/MALVINAS CONFLUENCE 
690 1 0 |a DOUBLE DIFFUSION 
690 1 0 |a MIXING 
690 1 0 |a SALT FINGER 
690 1 0 |a SOUTHWESTERN ATLANTIC 
690 1 0 |a SALINITY MEASUREMENT 
690 1 0 |a SEAWATER 
690 1 0 |a THERMAL DIFFUSION 
690 1 0 |a BAROCLINICITY 
690 1 0 |a OCEANOGRAPHY 
690 1 0 |a DOUBLE DIFFUSION 
690 1 0 |a FINGERING 
690 1 0 |a SALINITY 
690 1 0 |a VERTICAL MIXING 
690 1 0 |a WATER MASS 
690 1 0 |a ATLANTIC OCEAN 
700 1 |a Piola, A.R. 
700 1 |a Collino, G.J. 
773 0 |d 2002  |g v. 49  |h pp. 41-52  |k n. 1  |p Deep-Sea Res. Part I Oceanogr. Res. Pap.  |x 09670637  |w (AR-BaUEN)CENRE-4388  |t Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 
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