Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are directly and indirectly affected by glyphosate application
Glyphosate is a systemic non-selective herbicide, the most widely used in the world. Alongside with its use in agricultural and forestry systems, this herbicide is used in grasslands in late summer with the aim of promoting winter species with the consequent increase in stocking rate. However, its e...
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| Acceso en línea: | http://ri.agro.uba.ar/files/intranet/articulo/2013druille.pdf LINK AL EDITOR |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are directly and indirectly affected by glyphosate application |
| 520 | |a Glyphosate is a systemic non-selective herbicide, the most widely used in the world. Alongside with its use in agricultural and forestry systems, this herbicide is used in grasslands in late summer with the aim of promoting winter species with the consequent increase in stocking rate. However, its effects on non-target organisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi [AMF], are unclear. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi [AMF] colonize the root of more than 80 percent of terrestrial plants, improving their growth and survival, and therefore playing a key role in ecosystem structure and function. The aim of this work was to investigate the possible pathways through which glyphosate application affects AMF spores viability and root colonization in grassland communities. Our hypothesis is that glyphosate application can damage AMF directly [through contact with spores and external hyphae] or indirectly through the changes it generates on host plants. The experiment had a factorial array with three factors: [1] plant species, at two levels [Paspalum dilatatum and Lotus tenuis], [2] doses of glyphosate, at three levels [0lha-1, 0.8lha-1 and 3lha -1], and [3] application site, at two levels: soil [direct pathway] and plant foliage [indirect pathway]. Spore viability was reduced even under the lowest glyphosate rate, but only when it was applied on the soil. Total root colonization for both species was similarly decreased when glyphosate was applied to plant foliage or on soil, with no difference between 0.8 and 3lha-1. The number of arbuscules was 20 percent lower when glyphosate was applied on plant foliage, than when it was applied on the soil. Our findings illustrate that glyphosate application negatively affects AMF functionality in grasslands, due to different causes depending on the herbicide application site. While, under field conditions, the occurrence of direct and/or indirect pathways will depend on the plant cover at the time of glyphosate application, the consequences of this practice on the plant community structure will vary with the mycorrhizal dependence of the species composition regardless of the pathway involved. | ||
| 653 | 0 | |a AMF PROPAGULES | |
| 653 | 0 | |a GRASSLANDS | |
| 653 | 0 | |a NON-TARGET ORGANISMS | |
| 653 | 0 | |a ROOT COLONIZATION | |
| 653 | 0 | |a SPORE VIABILITY | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Druille, Magdalena |9 29196 | |
| 700 | 1 | |9 6464 |a Omacini, Marina | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Golluscio, Rodolfo Angel |9 729 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Cabello, Marta Noemí |9 50327 | |
| 773 | |t Applied Soil Ecology |g vol.72 (2013), p.143-149 | ||
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| 900 | |a ^tArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are directly and indirectly affected by glyphosate application | ||
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| 900 | |a ^aDruille, M.^tIFEVA, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Buenos Aires, Argentina | ||
| 900 | |a ^aOmacini, M.^tIFEVA, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Buenos Aires, ArgentinaIFEVA, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Av^tSan MartÃn 4453, C1417DSE Buenos Aires, Argentina | ||
| 900 | |a ^aGolluscio, R.A.^tIFEVA, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Buenos Aires, Argentina | ||
| 900 | |a ^aCabello, M.N.^tInstituto Spegazzini, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Museum, National University of La Plata, A. 53 No 477, B1900AVJ, La Plata, Argentina | ||
| 900 | |a ^aCabello, M.N.^tCICPBA, Argentina | ||
| 900 | |a ^tApplied Soil Ecology^cAppl. Soil Ecol. | ||
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| 900 | |a 143 | ||
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| 900 | |a Vol. 72 | ||
| 900 | |a 149 | ||
| 900 | |a AMF PROPAGULES | ||
| 900 | |a GRASSLANDS | ||
| 900 | |a NON-TARGET ORGANISMS | ||
| 900 | |a ROOT COLONIZATION | ||
| 900 | |a SPORE VIABILITY | ||
| 900 | |a Glyphosate is a systemic non-selective herbicide, the most widely used in the world. Alongside with its use in agricultural and forestry systems, this herbicide is used in grasslands in late summer with the aim of promoting winter species with the consequent increase in stocking rate. However, its effects on non-target organisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi [AMF], are unclear. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi [AMF] colonize the root of more than 80 percent of terrestrial plants, improving their growth and survival, and therefore playing a key role in ecosystem structure and function. The aim of this work was to investigate the possible pathways through which glyphosate application affects AMF spores viability and root colonization in grassland communities. Our hypothesis is that glyphosate application can damage AMF directly [through contact with spores and external hyphae] or indirectly through the changes it generates on host plants. The experiment had a factorial array with three factors: [1] plant species, at two levels [Paspalum dilatatum and Lotus tenuis], [2] doses of glyphosate, at three levels [0lha-1, 0.8lha-1 and 3lha -1], and [3] application site, at two levels: soil [direct pathway] and plant foliage [indirect pathway]. Spore viability was reduced even under the lowest glyphosate rate, but only when it was applied on the soil. Total root colonization for both species was similarly decreased when glyphosate was applied to plant foliage or on soil, with no difference between 0.8 and 3lha-1. The number of arbuscules was 20 percent lower when glyphosate was applied on plant foliage, than when it was applied on the soil. Our findings illustrate that glyphosate application negatively affects AMF functionality in grasslands, due to different causes depending on the herbicide application site. While, under field conditions, the occurrence of direct and/or indirect pathways will depend on the plant cover at the time of glyphosate application, the consequences of this practice on the plant community structure will vary with the mycorrhizal dependence of the species composition regardless of the pathway involved. | ||
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