Competitive and allelopathic interference between soybean crop and annual wormwood [Artemisia annua L.] under field conditions

Annual wormwood interference on soybean crop growth and yield may result from competition and allelopathy, which are modulated by crop management. Allelochemicals released by annual wormwood [e.g. artemisinin] may affect the crop directly or indirectly through the effect on the nitrogen fixing symbi...

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Otros Autores: Morvillo, Claudia Mariela, De la Fuente, Elba Beatriz, Gil, Alejandra, Martínez Ghersa, María Alejandra, González Andújar, José L.
Formato: Artículo
Lenguaje:Inglés
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Acceso en línea:http://ri.agro.uba.ar/files/intranet/articulo/2011Morvillo.pdf
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Aporte de:Registro referencial: Solicitar el recurso aquí
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245 1 0 |a Competitive and allelopathic interference between soybean crop and annual wormwood [Artemisia annua L.] under field conditions 
520 |a Annual wormwood interference on soybean crop growth and yield may result from competition and allelopathy, which are modulated by crop management. Allelochemicals released by annual wormwood [e.g. artemisinin] may affect the crop directly or indirectly through the effect on the nitrogen fixing symbiont, Bradyrhizobium japonicum. The objectives were [i] to quantify the crop response [i.e. biomass production, nodulation and yield] to weed interference and [ii] to determinate the relative change of competition and allelopathy interferences, when a sublethal dose of herbicide is applied. Two split plot field experiments with three replications were used. The experiment involved a factorial combination of five weed-crop density [soybean/annual wormwood, plantsm -2] levels: D1, pure soybean, 40/0plantsm -2; D2, 40/2plantsm -2; D3, 40/4plantsm -2 and D4, 40/8plantsm -2, and D5, pure annual wormwood, 0/8plantsm -2, two activated carbon [allelopathy] levels: C-, with activated carbon [reduced allelopathy] and C+, non activated carbon applied [with allelopathy] and two herbicide levels: H-, untreated and H+, treated with a sub-lethal dose of glyphosate. Activated carbon to adsorb allelochemicals [with and without activated carbon] and glyphosate application [with and no herbicide] were assigned to sub-plots. Increasing weed density did not affect crop biomass at flowering, but changed nodule number and soybean yield with a different pattern depending on carbon and herbicide treatment. Relative crop yield decreased with increasing relative weed biomass. This decrease was particularly drastic when allelopathy was reduced by activated carbon and without herbicide application. The maximum yield losses of 33 percent in 2006 and 17 percent in 2007 were observed with the highest weed density [8plantsm -2]. In contrast, without carbon [high allelopathy level], soybean yield remained stable within the explored range of annual wormwood biomass, despite the fact that weed biomass at high densities [D4] was high enough to generate competition. The lack of response to increasing weed density could be related to the indirect effect of allelochemicals interacting with soil microorganisms [i.e. B. japonicum] that positively affected the nodulation [e.g. larger nodules in 2006 and increased nodules biomass due to higher number of roots in 2007 at high densities]. With herbicide application, soybean yield of both carbon treatments remained stable when biomass of annual wormwood increased. This research provided strong evidence in support of the existence of positive effect of allelopathic and competitive interactions between annual wormwood and soybean crop under field conditions that may be overridden under herbicide application. 
653 0 |a ACTIVATED CARBON 
653 0 |a ALLELOCHEMICALS 
653 0 |a CROP-WEED INTERACTION 
653 0 |a GLYCINE MAX 
653 0 |a NODULE BIOMASS 
653 0 |a YIELD 
653 0 |a AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT 
653 0 |a ALLELOCHEMICAL 
653 0 |a ALLELOPATHY 
653 0 |a BACTERIUM 
653 0 |a CROP YIELD 
653 0 |a DICOTYLEDON 
653 0 |a EXPERIMENTAL STUDY 
653 0 |a FIELDWORK 
653 0 |a FLOWERING 
653 0 |a GLYPHOSATE 
653 0 |a GROWTH RATE 
653 0 |a INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT 
653 0 |a INTERFERENCE COMPETITION 
653 0 |a NITROGEN FIXATION 
653 0 |a NODULATION 
653 0 |a PESTICIDE APPLICATION 
653 0 |a PHYTOMASS 
653 0 |a SOIL MICROORGANISM 
653 0 |a SOYBEAN 
653 0 |a SYMBIONT 
653 0 |a YIELD RESPONSE 
653 0 |a ARTEMISIA 
653 0 |a ARTEMISIA ANNUA 
653 0 |a BRADYRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM 
653 0 |a GLYCINE MAX 
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700 1 |9 7808  |a De la Fuente, Elba Beatriz 
700 1 |9 9697  |a Gil, Alejandra 
700 1 |9 7113  |a Martínez Ghersa, María Alejandra 
700 1 |9 4026  |a González Andújar, José L. 
773 |t European Journal of Agronomy  |g Vol.34, no.4 (2011), p.211-221 
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900 |a ^aGonzález-Andújar^bJ.L. 
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900 |a ^aDe la Fuente^bE. B. 
900 |a ^aGil^bA. 
900 |a ^aMartínez Ghersa^bM. A. 
900 |a ^aGonzález Andújar^bJ. L. 
900 |a ^aMorvillo^bC.M.^tDepartamento de Producción Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, 1417 Buenos Aires, Argentina 
900 |a ^aDe la Fuente^bE.B.^tIFEVA-Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, 1417 Buenos Aires, Argentina 
900 |a ^aGil^bA.^tDepartamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible [CSIC]. Alameda del Obispo, S/N - 14004 Córdoba, Spain 
900 |a ^aMartínez-Ghersa^bM.A. 
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900 |a INTERFERENCE COMPETITION 
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900 |a NODULATION 
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900 |a Annual wormwood interference on soybean crop growth and yield may result from competition and allelopathy, which are modulated by crop management. Allelochemicals released by annual wormwood [e.g. artemisinin] may affect the crop directly or indirectly through the effect on the nitrogen fixing symbiont, Bradyrhizobium japonicum. The objectives were [i] to quantify the crop response [i.e. biomass production, nodulation and yield] to weed interference and [ii] to determinate the relative change of competition and allelopathy interferences, when a sublethal dose of herbicide is applied. Two split plot field experiments with three replications were used. The experiment involved a factorial combination of five weed-crop density [soybean/annual wormwood, plantsm -2] levels: D1, pure soybean, 40/0plantsm -2; D2, 40/2plantsm -2; D3, 40/4plantsm -2 and D4, 40/8plantsm -2, and D5, pure annual wormwood, 0/8plantsm -2, two activated carbon [allelopathy] levels: C-, with activated carbon [reduced allelopathy] and C+, non activated carbon applied [with allelopathy] and two herbicide levels: H-, untreated and H+, treated with a sub-lethal dose of glyphosate. Activated carbon to adsorb allelochemicals [with and without activated carbon] and glyphosate application [with and no herbicide] were assigned to sub-plots. Increasing weed density did not affect crop biomass at flowering, but changed nodule number and soybean yield with a different pattern depending on carbon and herbicide treatment. Relative crop yield decreased with increasing relative weed biomass. This decrease was particularly drastic when allelopathy was reduced by activated carbon and without herbicide application. The maximum yield losses of 33 percent in 2006 and 17 percent in 2007 were observed with the highest weed density [8plantsm -2]. In contrast, without carbon [high allelopathy level], soybean yield remained stable within the explored range of annual wormwood biomass, despite the fact that weed biomass at high densities [D4] was high enough to generate competition. The lack of response to increasing weed density could be related to the indirect effect of allelochemicals interacting with soil microorganisms [i.e. B. japonicum] that positively affected the nodulation [e.g. larger nodules in 2006 and increased nodules biomass due to higher number of roots in 2007 at high densities]. With herbicide application, soybean yield of both carbon treatments remained stable when biomass of annual wormwood increased. This research provided strong evidence in support of the existence of positive effect of allelopathic and competitive interactions between annual wormwood and soybean crop under field conditions that may be overridden under herbicide application. 
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