Invasive exotic grasses and seed arrival limit native species establishment in an old - field grassland succession

Plant communities developing in abandoned semi-natural areas are being increasingly dominated by invasive exotic species. How these "novel residents" affect re-colonisation by native perennial species, a process generally assumed to be seed limited, remains little explored. We examined the...

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Autor principal: Tognetti, Pedro Maximiliano
Otros Autores: Chaneton, Enrique José
Formato: Artículo
Lenguaje:Inglés
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Acceso en línea:http://ri.agro.uba.ar/files/download/articulo/2012Tognetti.pdf
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520 |a Plant communities developing in abandoned semi-natural areas are being increasingly dominated by invasive exotic species. How these "novel residents" affect re-colonisation by native perennial species, a process generally assumed to be seed limited, remains little explored. We examined the relative roles of dominant exotic grasses and seed dispersal in limiting the richness and abundance of native perennial grasses in an old-field grassland community. We also tested whether native grass recruitment depended on the identity of resident exotic species. A seed addition, single-pulse removal experiment was established in a 20 year old field in the Inland Pampa of Argentina. Seeds of seven native perennial grasses from a nearby relict grassland were sown into intact and disturbed patches dominated by one of four exotic grasses. Species richness and biomass were measured after 2 years from sowing. Seed addition alone had little effect on native grass richness or biomass, with only one sown grass establishing in intact patches. Native grasses successfully colonised disturbed patches dominated by the exotics Lolium multiflorum, Cynodon dactylon or Sorghum halepense. In contrast, patches dominated by Festuca arundinacea repelled sown native grasses, regardless of disturbance treatment. Seed addition increased total plant richness in both disturbed and intact patches but did not affect total aboveground biomass. Our results show that recovery of native grasses during old-field succession is hierarchically constrained by seed arrival and site pre-emption by exotic grasses. Thus, re-establishment of native grass assemblages may only occur at the expense of displacing exotic resident plants. This highlights the importance of niche-limited species assembly in novel, native/exotic plant communities. 
653 0 |a DISPERSAL LIMITATION 
653 0 |a INVASION IMPACT 
653 0 |a NOVEL ECOSYSTEMS 
653 0 |a REMOVAL EXPERIMENT 
653 0 |a RICHNESS 
653 0 |a SEED ADDITION 
653 0 |a COLONIZATION 
653 0 |a COMMUNITY STRUCTURE 
653 0 |a DOMINANCE 
653 0 |a GRASS 
653 0 |a GRASSLAND 
653 0 |a INVASIVE SPECIES 
653 0 |a LIMITING FACTOR 
653 0 |a NATIVE SPECIES 
653 0 |a PLANT COMMUNITY 
653 0 |a RECRUITMENT [POPULATION DYNAMICS] 
653 0 |a SEED DISPERSAL 
653 0 |a SPECIES RICHNESS 
653 0 |a SUCCESSION 
653 0 |a ARGENTINA 
653 0 |a PAMPAS 
653 0 |a CYNODON DACTYLON 
653 0 |a FESTUCA ARUNDINACEA 
653 0 |a LOLIUM 
653 0 |a LOLIUM MULTIFLORUM 
653 0 |a POACEAE 
653 0 |a SORGHUM [GENUS] 
653 0 |a SORGHUM HALEPENSE 
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773 |t Biological Invasions  |g Vol.14, no.12 (2012) p.2531-2544 
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900 |a ^aTognetti, P.M.^tDepartamento de Métodos Cuantitativos y Sistemas de Información, IFEVA-CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Buenos Aires, Argentina 
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900 |a RICHNESS 
900 |a SEED ADDITION 
900 |a COLONIZATION 
900 |a COMMUNITY STRUCTURE 
900 |a DOMINANCE 
900 |a GRASS 
900 |a GRASSLAND 
900 |a INVASIVE SPECIES 
900 |a LIMITING FACTOR 
900 |a NATIVE SPECIES 
900 |a PLANT COMMUNITY 
900 |a RECRUITMENT [POPULATION DYNAMICS] 
900 |a SEED DISPERSAL 
900 |a SPECIES RICHNESS 
900 |a SUCCESSION 
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900 |a PAMPAS 
900 |a CYNODON DACTYLON 
900 |a FESTUCA ARUNDINACEA 
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900 |a Plant communities developing in abandoned semi-natural areas are being increasingly dominated by invasive exotic species. How these "novel residents" affect re-colonisation by native perennial species, a process generally assumed to be seed limited, remains little explored. We examined the relative roles of dominant exotic grasses and seed dispersal in limiting the richness and abundance of native perennial grasses in an old-field grassland community. We also tested whether native grass recruitment depended on the identity of resident exotic species. A seed addition, single-pulse removal experiment was established in a 20 year old field in the Inland Pampa of Argentina. Seeds of seven native perennial grasses from a nearby relict grassland were sown into intact and disturbed patches dominated by one of four exotic grasses. Species richness and biomass were measured after 2 years from sowing. Seed addition alone had little effect on native grass richness or biomass, with only one sown grass establishing in intact patches. Native grasses successfully colonised disturbed patches dominated by the exotics Lolium multiflorum, Cynodon dactylon or Sorghum halepense. In contrast, patches dominated by Festuca arundinacea repelled sown native grasses, regardless of disturbance treatment. Seed addition increased total plant richness in both disturbed and intact patches but did not affect total aboveground biomass. Our results show that recovery of native grasses during old-field succession is hierarchically constrained by seed arrival and site pre-emption by exotic grasses. Thus, re-establishment of native grass assemblages may only occur at the expense of displacing exotic resident plants. This highlights the importance of niche-limited species assembly in novel, native/exotic plant communities. 
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