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|a 9781444330625
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|a WAA
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|a spa
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|a Coe, Angela L.
|9 16691
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| 245 |
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|a Geological field techniques /
|c Angela L. Coe ; Ed.
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| 250 |
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|a 1st ed.
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| 260 |
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|a [Hoboken, NJ] :
|b Wiley-Blackwell,
|c 2010.
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| 300 |
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|a 323 p. :
|b grafs., fot ;
|c 25 cm.
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| 500 |
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|a Incluye índice analítico
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| 505 |
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|a 1. Introduction. 1.1. A selection of general books and reference material on geology -- 1.2. Books on geological field techniques -- 2. Field Equipment and Safety. 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. The hand lens and binoculars -- 2.3. The compass-clinometer -- 2.3.1. Orientation of a dipping plane -- 2.3.2. Orientation of a linear feature -- 2.3.3. Triangulation: Determining location using a compass -- 2.4. Global positioning systems and altimeters -- 2.5. Measuring distance and thickness -- 2.5.1. Standard thickness and distance measurements -- 2.5.2. Use of the Jacob staff to measure the thickness of inclined strata -- 2.6. Classification and colour charts -- 2.7. Hammer, chisels and other hardware -- 2.8. The hardcopy field notebook -- 2.9. The laptop, netbook or PDA as a notebook -- 2.10. Writing equipment, maps and relevant literature -- 2.10.1. Writing equipment -- 2.10.2. Maps and relevant literature -- 2.11. Comfort, field safety and field safety equipment -- 2.11.1. Clothes, backpack/rucksack and personal provisions -- 2.11.2. Field safety -- 2.11.3. Field safety equipment -- 2.12. Conservation, respect and obtaining permission -- 2.13. Further reading -- 3. Introduction to Field Observations at Different Scales. 3.1. Introduction: What, where and how? -- 3.1.1. Defining the fieldwork objectives -- 3.1.2. Deciding where to do the fieldwork -- 3.1.3. Locating your position -- 3.2. Scale of observation, where to start and basic measurements -- 3.2.1. Regional context -- 3.2.2. Whole exposure -- 3.2.3. Hand specimens -- 3.3. Overview of possible data formats – 4. The Field Notebook. 4.1. Introduction: The purpose of field notes -- 4.2. Field notebook layout -- 4.2.1. Preliminary pages -- 4.2.2. Daily entries -- 4.2.3. General tips -- 4.3. Field sketches: A picture is worth a thousand words -- 4.3.1. General principles: Aims, space and tools -- 4.3.2. Sketches of exposures -- 4.3.3. Sketching metre- and centimetre-scale features -- 4.3.4. Sketch maps -- 4.4. Written notes: Recording data, ideas and interpretation -- 4.4.1. Notes recording data and observations -- 4.4.2. Notes recording interpretation, discussion and ideas -- 4.5. Correlation with other data sets and interpretations -- 5. Recording Palaeontological Information. 5.1. Introduction: Fossils are smart particles -- 5.1.1. Why are fossils important? -- 5.1.2. Collecting fossil data -- 5.2. Fossil types and preservation -- 5.2.1. Body fossil classification -- 5.2.2. Body fossil preservation -- 5.2.3. Trace fossils -- 5.2.4. Molecular fossils -- 5.3. Fossil distribution and where to find them -- 5.3.1. Transported or life position? -- 5.4. Sampling strategies -- 5.4.1. Sampling for biostratigraphic or evolutionary studies -- 5.4.2. Sampling of bedding surfaces and palaeoecology -- 5.5. Estimating abundance -- 5.5.1. Presence/absence and qualitative abundance estimates -- 5.5.2. Quantitative measures of abundance -- 5.5.3. How many samples are required? -- 6. Recording Features of Sedimentary Rocks and Constructing Graphic Logs. 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Description, recognition and recording of sedimentary deposits and sedimentary structures -- 6.2.1. Recording sedimentary lithology -- 6.2.2. Recording sedimentary structures -- 6.3. Graphic logs -- 6.3.1. Conventions for graphic logs -- 6.3.2. Constructing a graphic log -- 6.4. Rocks in space: Reconstructing sedimentary environments and their diagnostic features -- 6.5. Using sedimentary rocks to interpret climate change and sea-level change -- 6.5.1. Climate change -- 6.5.2. Sequence stratigraphy and relative sea-level change -- 6.6. Further reading -- 7. Recording Features of Igneous Rocks. 7.1. Equipment, basic tips and safety -- 7.2. Field relationships of igneous rocks -- 7.2.1. Relationships with surrounding rocks -- 7.2.2. Internal architecture: Joints and veins -- 7.2.3. Internal architecture: Other exposure-scale fabrics -- 7.3. Mineralogy and small-scale textures of igneous rocks -- 7.3.1. Petrologic type -- 7.3.2. Mineral texture and fabric -- 7.4. Recent and active volcanoes -- 7.4.1. Equipment and safety -- 7.4.2. Access -- 8. Recording Structural Information. 8.1. Equipment and measurement -- 8.1.1. Structural measurements and notations -- 8.2. Brittle structures: Faults, joints and veins -- 8.2.1. Planar brittle features – orientation -- 8.2.2. Determining past motion on brittle structures -- 8.3. Ductile structures: Shear zones, foliations and folds -- 8.3.1. Orientation of ductile planar features -- 8.3.2. Direction of shear/stretching: Stretching lineations -- 8.3.3. Sense of shear: Kinematic indicators -- 8.3.4. Magnitude of shear strain -- 8.3.5. Fold analysis -- 9. Recording Features of Metamorphic Rocks. 9.1. Basic skills and equipment for metamorphic fieldwork -- 9.1.1. Field relations and context -- 9.2. Textures -- 9.2.1. Banding -- 9.2.2. Grain textures -- 9.2.3. Reaction textures -- 9.3. Mineralogy -- 9.3.1. Identifying common metamorphic minerals -- 9.3.2. Using mineral assemblages -- 9.3.3. Classification of metamorphic rocks -- 9.4. Unravelling metamorphism and deformation -- 9.4.1. Pre-kinematic features -- 9.4.2. Syn-kinematic features -- 9.4.3. Post-kinematic features -- 10. Making A Geological Map. 10.1. Principles and aims -- 10.2. Preparation and materials -- 10.2.1. Base maps and other aids -- 10.2.2. Equipment for mapping -- 10.3. Location, location, location -- 10.3.1. Equipment -- 10.3.2. Using base maps -- 10.4. Making a field map -- 10.4.1. Information to record on field maps -- 10.4.2. The evolving map -- 10.4.3. Sketch cross-sections -- 10.5. Mapping techniques -- 10.5.1. Traverse mapping -- 10.5.2. Contact mapping -- 10.5.3. Exposure mapping -- 10.5.4. Using other evidence -- 10.6. The geological map -- 10.6.1. Inking in the field map -- 10.6.2. Cross-sections -- 10.6.3. Fair copy maps -- 10.6.4. Digital maps and GIS -- 10.7. Further reading -- 11. Recording Numerical Data and Use of Instruments In The Field. 11.1. Data collection -- 11.1.1. Instrument calibration and base stations -- 11.1.2. Survey grids -- 11.2. Transport and protection of the instruments -- 11.3. Correlation with other data sets -- 11.4. Further reading -- 12. Photography. 13. Sampling. 13.1. Selecting and labelling samples -- 13.1.1. Samples for thin-sections -- 13.1.2. Orientated samples -- 13.1.3. Samples for geochemical analysis -- 13.1.4. Samples for mineral extraction -- 13.1.5. Samples for fossils -- 13.1.6. Sampling for regional studies -- 13.1.7. High-resolution sample sets -- 13.1.8. Labelling samples and their packaging -- 13.2. Practical advice -- 13.2.1. Packing and marking materials -- 13.2.2. Extraction of samples.
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