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|a Clarkson, E. N. K.
|9 15445
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| 245 |
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|a Invertebrate palaeontology and evolution /
|c E. N. K. Clarkson
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| 250 |
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|a 4th ed.
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| 260 |
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|a Oxford :
|b Blackwell,
|c 2008.
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| 300 |
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|a 452 p. :
|b il. ;
|c 25 cm.
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| 500 |
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|a Incluye índice analítico
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| 505 |
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|a Part One: General Palaeontological Concepts. 1. Principles Of Palaeontology. 1.1. Introduction --- 1.2. Occurrence of invertebrate fossils in Phanerozoic rocks -- Hard-part preservation -- Soft-part preservarion -- 1.3. Divisions of invertebrete palaeontology -- Taxonomy -- The species concept -- Nomenclature and identification of fossl species -- taxonomic hierarchy -- Use of statistical methods -- Palaeobiology -- Palaeoecology -- Functional mofphology, growth and form -- Stratigraphy -- Lithostratigraphy -- Biostratigraphy -- chronostratigraphy -- 2. Evolution And The Fossil Record. Evolution and the fossil record -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Darwin, the species and naturl selection -- Inheritance and the source of variation -- Where does variation come from? -- Significance of alleles -- Mutation -- Spread of mutaations through populations -- Isolation and species formation -- Genetic drift: gene pools -- Molecular genetics and evolution -- Gene regularion during development -- 2.3. Fossil record and modes of evolution -- Microevolution -- Allopatric spectiation -- Heterochrony -- Testing microevolutionary patterns -- Analysis of case histories -- Co-evolution -- Macroevolution -- Species selection -- Origins of higher taxa -- Rates of evolution, adaptive raditions and extinction -- 2.4. Competition and its effects -- 2.5. Summary of palaeontological evolution theory -- 3. Major Events In The History Of Life. 3.1. Inroduction -- 3.2. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes -- 3.3. Earliest metazoans -- Ediacara fauna: two viwepoints - The traditional view -- Medusoids -- Pennatulaceans -- Annelids -- Fossils of unknown affinities -- Vendozoan hypothesis -- Small shelly fossils -- Precambrian trace fossils -- Causes of the Cambrian "explosion of life" -- Physicochemical factors -- Biological factors -- Biological evidence on metazoan relationships -- 3.4. Major features of the Phanerozoic record -- Diversificaion of invertebrate life -- Changes in species diversity and habitat -- roblematic early Palaeozoic fossils -- Marine evolutionary faunas -- Climatic and sea-level chanes -- Extinctions -- Possible causes of mass extinctions -- Earthbound mechanisms -- extraterrestrial mechanisms -- Late Ordovician (asgillian) extintion event -- Late Devonian (Frasnian-Famennian) extinction event -- Late Permian extinction event -- Late Triassic (Carnian- Norian) extinction event -- Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary extinction -- Part Two: Invertebrate Phyla. 4. Sponges. 4.1. Phylum Porifera: sponges -- 4.2. classification -- 4.3. Cass demospngea -- Spicular demosponges -- Sclerosponges -- Chaetetids -- Stromatoporoids -- Sphinctozoans -- 4.4. Class Calcarea -- 4.5. Class Hexactinellida -- 4.6. Incertae sedis: Archaeocyatha -- Soft parts, organization and ecology -- Distribution and stratigraphic use -- 4.7. Geological importance of sponges -- 4.8. Sponge reefs -- Spicular sponge reefs -- Calcareous sponge reefs -- 5. Cnidarians. 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Major characteristics and classes of Phylum Cnidaria -- 5.3. class Hydrozoa -- Order Hydroida -- Order Hydrocorallina -- 5.4. Class Scyphozoa -- 5.5. Class Anthozoa -- Subclass Ceriantipatharia -- Subclass Octocorallia -- Subclass Zoantharia: corals -- Order Rugosa -- Order Tabulata -- Order Scleratinia -- Coral reefs -- Geological uses of corals -- Corals as colonies: the limits of zoantharian evolution -- Minor orders -- 6. Bryozoans. 6.1. Introcuction -- 6.2. Two exapmples of living bryozoans -- Bouverbankia -- Smittina -- 6.3. Classification -- 6.4. Morphology and evolution -- 6.5. ecology and distribution -- Shallow-water bryozoans -- Reef-dwelling bryozoans -- Deep-water bryozoans -- 6.6. Stratigraphical use -- 7. Brachiopods. 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Morphoogy -- Subphylum Rhynchonelliformea -- Morphology of three genera -- Preservation, study and classification of articulated brachiopods -- Major features of brachiopod morphology -- Endopunctation and pseudopuntation in shells -- Subphylum linguliformea -- Ligula -- Other Linguliformea -- Subphylum Craniiformea -- 7.3. Ontogeny -- 7.4. Classification -- 7.5. Evolutionary history --- 7.6. Ecology and distribution -- Ecology of individual species -- Epifaunal brachiopods -- Endofaunal brachiopods -- Brachiopod assemblages and "commuunity" eoclogy -- Ordovician palaeocommuniies -- Silurian palaeocommunities -- Devonian brachiopod assemblages -- Permian reef associations -- Mesozoic brachiopod associations -- 7.7. Faunal provinces -- 7.8. Stratigraphical use -- 8. Molluscs. 8.1. Fundamental organization -- 8.2. Classification -- 8.3. Some aspects of shell morphology and growth -- Coiled shell morphology -- Septation of the shell -- 8.4. Principal fossil groups -- Class Bivalvia -- Cerastoderma -- Range of form and structure in bivalves -- Classification -- Evolutionary history -- Funtional morphology and ecology -- Ecology and palaeoeclogy -- Stratigraphical use -- Class Rostroconchia -- Class Gastropoda -- Introduction and anatomy -- Classificaiton -- Shell structure and morphology -- Shell composition -- Evolution -- Class Cephalopoda -- Subclass Nautiloidea -- Subclass Ammonoidea -- Subclass Coleoidea: dibranchiate cephalopods -- 8.5. Predation and the evolution of mollucs -- 9. Echinoderms. 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Classification -- 9.3. Subphlum Erchinozoa -- class Echinoidea -- Morphology and life habits of three genera -- Classification -- Subclass Perischoechinoidea -- Subclass Cidaroidea -- Subclass Euechinoidea and the morphological characters of euechinoids -- Evolution in echinoids -- Class Holothuroidea -- Class Edrioasteroidea -- 9.4. Sbphylum Asterozoa -- Subclass Asteroidea -- Subclass Somasteroidea -- Subclass Ophiuroidea -- Starfish beds -- 9.5. Subphylum Crinozoa -- Class Crinoidea -- Main groups of crinodids -- Palaeozoic crinoids -- Meszoic to recent crinoids: articulates -- Ceology of crinoids -- Formation of crinoidal limestones -- 9.6. Subphylm Blastozoa -- Classes Diploporita and Rhombifera: cystoids -- Structural characteristics -- Pore structures -- Classification -- Ecology -- Class Blastoidea -- Diversity and funtion of hydrospires -- Classification and evolution of blastoids -- Ecology and distribution of blastoids -- 9.7. Subphylum Homalozoa, otherwise calcihordates -- 9.8. Evolution -- Earliest echinoderms and their radiations -- Evolution of the tube feet -- Why pentmery? -- Congergent evoluton and ntermediate forms -- 10. Graptolites. 10.1. Structure -- Order Graptoloidea -- Saetograptus chimaera -- Diplograptus leptotheca -- Order Dendroidea -- Dendrograptus -- Preservation and study of graptolites -- Ultrastructure and chemistry of graptolite periderm -- 10.2. classification -- 10.3. Biological affinities -- 10.4. Evolution -- Shape of graptolite rhabdosomes -- Proximal end in graptoloids -- Thecal structure -- Cladia -- Structure of retiolitids -- 10.5. How did graptolites live? -- Passive drifting -- Automobility -- Use of models in inerpreting the mode of lige of graptoloids -- 10.6. Faunal provinces -- 10.7. stratigraphical use -- 11. Arthropods. 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Classfication and general morphology -- Diversity of arthropod tyeps -- Features of arthropod organization -- 11.3. Trilobita -- General morphology -- Acaste downingiae - Detailed morphology of trilobites -- Cutticle -- Cephalon -- Glabella -- Cephalic sutures -- Hypostome -- Wyes -- Cephalic fringes -- Enrollment and coapttive structures -- Thorax -- Pygidium -- Appendages -- Trilobite tracks and trails -- Walking movements in arthropods -- Different kinds of trilobite trails -- Life attitudes, habits and ecology -- Ecdysis and ontogeny -- Classification -- Evolution -- General pattern of evolution -- Microevolution -- Fanal provinces -- Stratigraphical use -- 11.4. Phylum Chelicerata -- Class Merostomata -- Subclass Xiphosura -- Subclass Eurypterida -- 11.5. Phlum Crustacea -- 12. Exceptional Faunas: Ichnology. 12.1. Introduction -- 12.2. Burgess Shale fauna -- Arthropods -- Lobopods -- Other invertebrates -- Significance of the Burgess Shale faunas -- Ecology -- Geographical distribution -- Diversity -- Persistence -- 12.3. Uppper Cambrian of southern Sweden -- 12.4. Hunsrückschiefer fauna -- 12.5. Mazon Creck fauna -- 12.6. Solnhofen ithographic limestone, Bavaria -- 12.7. Ichonology -- Classification of trace fossils -- Morphological and preservational classification -- Behavioural classification - Phylogenetic classification -- Uses of ichnology -- Sedimentary environment -- Stratigraphy -- Fossil behaciour.
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|a Paleontología
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|a Evolución
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